The priority of transplantation in different sowing dates compare to direct sowing on yield and some physiological characteristics of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 Master of Science in Agriculture, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran,

2 Professor, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran,

3 Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

10.22069/ejcp.2024.16849.2247

Abstract

Background and objectives: Sugar beet is one of the major industrial crops that has a major contribution to sugar production worldwide as well as in Iran. Suitable economic performance in sugar beet is dependent on proper vegetation growth in early growing season and appropriate allocation and distribution of assimilates to the roots, therefore, the time of cultivation of this plant will be important. The growth of sugar beet can be accelerated by planting in the transfer container and transferring it to the main land at a time when the risk of late winter and early spring cold and the problem of water scarcity are removed. Considering the economic importance of sugar beet, especially in Khorasan Razavi province, and adapting this plant for cultivation in Mashhad area, this study was carried out to determine the most suitable planting date and types of transplanting.
Material and methods: This experiment was conducted in research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2017-2018 growing season. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 6 treatments. Treatments included: Direct planting in 11 April, Direct planting in 22 May, transplanting with leaves in 5 June, transplantation without leaves in 5 June, transplantation with leaves in 15 June and Transplanting without leaves in 15 June. Sampling and harvesting operations were carried out in late November. Measured indices included root dry matter percentage, root yield (RY), sugar content (SC), sodium content (NA), potassium (K), nitrogen (N), root Alkalinity (ALC), white sugar content (WSC), extraction coefficient sugar (ECS), molasses content (MS), water use efficiency (WUE) and water productivity (WP).
Results: The highest sugar content was obtained in direct planting in 22 May (12.55%) but no significant difference was observed with other treatments. Amongst anti-quality traits, direct planting in 11 April contained highest sodium concentration, also the highest potassium content was observed in leafless transplanting in 5 June. The highest root nitrogen content and alkalinity were obtained in direct planting in 11 April. The highest white sugar content (%) and sugar extraction coefficient (%) were obtained in transplanting with leaves in 15 June treatment. The highest root yield (90.7 t. ha-1) and white sugar yield (5.96 t. ha-1) was obtained in transplanting with leaves in 5 June treatment. The results showed that the highest water use efficiency and water productivity were recorded in transplanting without leaves in 15 June and the lowest were observed in direct planting treatments.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that transplantation of sugar beet in proper time can increase root and white sugar yield and also improve water use efficiency and economic water productivity in Mashhad conditions. In addition, direct seed sowing in 11th April and transplanting with leaves in 5 June showed the highest root and white sugar yield. Therefore, it may be suggested that sugar beet transplanting with leaves extended in sugar beet production areas after arrangement of local trails.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Draycott, A.P., Durrant, M.J., & Messem, A.B. (1974). Effects of plant density, irrigation and potassium and sodium fertilizers on sugar beet: II. Influence of soil moisture and weather. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 82, 261-268.
  2. Sadrabadi Haghighi, R., Amirmoradi, S., & Mirshahi, A. (2011). Investigation of growth analysis of conventional and commercial sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) varieties at delayed planting date in Chenaran (Khorasan Razavi province). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 9, 505-513. [In Persian]
  3. Agricultural statistics. (2016). Ministry of agriculture, Center for information and communication technology, 60 p. (In Persian).
  4. Gray, R. (2017). Global agricultural information network (GAIN). Russian Federation, Sugar Annual. USDA Foreign Agricultural Services.
  5. Lotfi Keyvanlo, A., & Armin, A. (2016). The effect of seedlings age and date of transfer on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 48, 291-301. [In Persian]
  6. Sadeghzade Hemayati , Taleghani, D.F., & Fasahat, P. (2017). Effects of drought stress on quantitative and qualitative characteristics, canopy ground cover and wilting score of sugar beet genotypes. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 10(3), 363-375. [In Persian]
  7. Winter, S.R. (1990). Suitability of sugar beet for limited irrigation in a semi-arid climate. Agronomy Journal, 72, 118-123.
  8. Zhang, C., Shibata, Y., & Kishimoto, T. (2007). Effect of tillage and planting method on yield of sugar beet production. In: Proceedings of the international agricultural engineering conference, Bangkok. Thailand. 3-6 Dec.
  9. Nasri, R., Kashani, A., Paknejad, F., Sadeghi, S. M., & Ghorbani, S. (2011a). Correlation and path analysis of qualitative and quantitative yield in sugar beet in transplant and direct cultivation method in saline lands. Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 8, 226-213. (In Persian)
  10. Sohrabi, Y., Shakiba, M.R., Abd Elahian Noughabi, M.F.R.K., Tourchi, M., & Fotohi, K. (2006). Investigation of limited irrigation and root harvesting dates on yield and some of quality characteristics of sugar beet. Iranian Journal of Agronomy. (Pajouhesh-va-sazandegi), 19, 8-15. [In Persian]
  11. Kaveh, F., & Hosseini Abri, S.A. (2010). Increasing water productivity in agriculture. 12th Iranian national committee on irrigation and drainage (IRNCID), Tehran, Iran. 20-24 February. [In Persian]
  12. Sadeghzade Hemayati, S. (2008). The effect of agronomical factors on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) radiation interception, growth and yield (Ph D thesis). Tehran: Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch. [In Persian]
  13. Karbalaei, S., Mehraban, A., Mobasser, H.R., & Bitarafan, Z. (2012). Sowing date and transplant root size effects on transplanted sugar beet in spring planting. Annual Biological Research, 3, 3474-3478.
  14. Vafadar, L., Ebadi, A., & Sajeed, K. (2008). Effects of sowing date and plant density on yield and some traits of Sugar beet genotypes. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 1, 103-120. [In Persian]
  15. Nasri, R., Kashani, A., Sadeghain Motahar., S.Y., & Habibi, D. (2011b). Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of fall sugar beet in direct cultivation and paper pot transplanting under saline soils of Ahvaz. Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 7, 25-40. [In Persian]
  16. Goodman, P.J. (1968). Physiological analysis of the effect of different soils on sugar beet crops in different years. Journal of Applied Ecology, 5, 339-357.
  17. Kashani, A. (1997). Sugar beet Agronomy. Booklet. Shahid CHamran University Press, 120p. [In Persian]
  18. Orojneya, S., Habibi, D., Fatolah Taleghani, , Safari Dolatabadi, S., Pazeki, A.R., Maaveni, P., Rahmani, R., & Farshidi, M. (2012). Evaluation of yield and yield components of different sugar beet genotypes under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 8, 127-144. [In Persian]
  19. Fotohi, K. (2010). Path analysis under normal and salt stress conditions in sugar beet germplasm. Iranian Journal of Sugar Beet, 26, 1-13.
  20. Echoff, J.L.A., Halverson, A.D., Weiss, M.J., & Brogman, J.W. (1991). Seed spacing for nonthined sugar beet production. Agronomy Journal, 83, 929-932.
  21. Smith, G.A., & Martin, S.S. (1997). Effects of plant density and nitrogen fertility on purity components of sugar beet. Crop Sciences, 17, 469-472.
  22. Kocheki, A., Hosseini, M., & Nasiri Mahalati, M. (1995). Soil water relationship in crops. Ferdowsi University Press, [In Persian]
  23. Gohari, J., Yousefabadi, V., Ghalebi, S., & Sistani, H. (1998). A study on available phosphorus of the soil in permanent plots and its effects on sugar beet root yield. Journal of Sugar Beet, 13(1), 50-62. [In Persian]
  24. Dunham, R., & Clearke, N. (1993). Coping with stress. British Sugar Beet Review, 60(1): 10-13.
  25. Wien, H.C. (1997). The physiology of vegetable crops transplanting. CABI Publishing. Wallingford, United Kingdom, 672 p.
  26. Azimi, M. (2017). Study of sugar transplanting to save water consumption. Master's Thesis. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. [In Persian]
  27. Hosseini, M. (2015). Comparison of onion (Allium cepa) yield in direct cropping and seedling in different crop years in Mashhad. Master's thesis. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. [In Persian]
  28. Gowhary, J., & Toohidlou, Q. (1997). Using from planting cultivation method for saving water poison and chemical fertilizer. Iranian Journal of Sugar Beet, 12, 16-27.
  29. Zolfagharan, A., Alizadeh, A., Khavari, S., Banayan, M., & Ansari, H. (2016). Investigation and comparison of productivity in direct and transplant seeding of corn in different irrigation regimes. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 10, 508-519. [In Persian]
Journal of Crop Production
Volume 17, Issue 3
October 2024
Pages 1-18

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics