Document Type : Complete scientific research article
Authors
1
Master's student in Plant Breeding, Department of Plant Genetics and Production Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2
Associate Professor, Department of Plant Genetics and Production Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
3
Professor, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
10.22069/ejcp.2024.22152.2617
Abstract
Background and objectives: Bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia L.) is one of the grain products of the legume family. The crop in Iran is one of the old legumes in the North and Northwest of the country and is grown alternately with cereal crops. Bitter vetch contains energy and protein, which makes it as a potential economic source for poultry feed. Drought is the most important abiotic stress and the most important limiting factor for crop growth which reduces the crop production in approximately 25% of the world's lands. Genetic diversity has a critical role not only for plant resistance against pests and diseases but also against the environmental stresses. In this study, the genetic diversity of 15 bitter vetch genotypes along with Kermanshah landrace was investigated using multivariate analysis methods.
Materials and methods: Fifteen bitter vetch genotypes along with Kermanshah landrace were studied in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Razi University, Kermanshah under two non-stress and water deficit stress conditions in 2016. The measured traits included phenological and morphological characters, yield and yield components. Combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using SAS 9.1 software, assuming the genotype and location as fixed effects. Correlation analysis, path analysis, factor analysis and clustering method were performed using SPSS 16 software.
Results: The combined analysis of variance showed that the effect of environment was significant for all the traits except the number of sub-branches. The results of the correlation coefficient showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between the yield in non-stress conditions and the number of sub-branches, the number of seeds per pod, the number of pods per plant and the number of seeds per plant. Also, the yield under stress conditions was positively correlated with the number of seeds per pod and number of seeds per plant. Based on path analysis under non-stress conditions, the number of pods per plant had the greatest direct effect (0.54) on seed yield. Under stress conditions, the seed number in pod had the most direct effect (0.69) on the yield. The results of factor analysis in non-stress conditions led to the identification of three factors that accounted for 76.59% of the total diversity of the data. In the stress condition, four factors were identified, which determined 85.96% of the total diversity. In non-stress conditions, yield, yield components and phenological characteristics were important factors that accounted for the total variation. In cluster analysis, the grouping of the genotypes in the two conditions of non-stress and water deficit stress was partly different, showing the different reactions of the bitter vetch genotypes to the water deficit stress.
Conclusion: The grouping of the bitter vetch genotypes under non-stress and water deficit stress was partly different in the cluster analysis, showing the different reactions of the genotypes to the water stress. Under the water deficit conditions that happens from late flowering stage, earliness along with suitable vegetative growth should be noticed to achieve higher yield. Genotypes 13 and 2 were identified as semi-precocious and superior accessions under the non-stress and terminal water deficit stress conditions.
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