Improving the quantitative and qualitative yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) through applied fertilizer management in intercropping with green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 Ph.D. student of crop plant ecology, department of plant genetics and production engineering, faculty of agriculture, Boali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Genetics and Production Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bo Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.

10.22069/ejcp.2024.21826.2605

Abstract

Background and purpose: Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is considered the queen of oil plants and is a crucial food source in traditional agriculture in hot regions. Legumes play a role in stabilizing molecular nitrogen in the air and reducing the need for chemical fertilizers in intercropping. Utilizing a intercropping of plants from different species in agriculture is an effective way to increase diversity. In order to promote sustainable agriculture, it is essential to implement agricultural systems that combine sufficient input with the use of chemical, biological, and organic fertilizers to produce crops and maintain yield at an acceptable level. Therefore, this research was conducted to address the necessity of using organic and biological fertilizers alongside chemical fertilizers in agricultural ecosystems to produce healthy, high-quality products, and to emphasize the importance of increasing production efficiency in intercropping.
Materials and methods: The factorial experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications on a farm affiliated with the Organization of Agricultural Jihad, Khondab, in the Central Province, during the 2018 and 2019 crop years. the first factor is different sources of fertilizer in six levels (control, poultry manure, chemical fertilizer, mycorrhiza, combination of poultry manure and mycorrhiza, combination of chemical and mycorrhiza) and the second factor is the cultivation pattern in six levels (sole sesame (S), sole green bean (GB), two rows of sesame and two rows of green beans (2S:2GB), 2S:3GB, 3S:2GB, 3S:3GB). sesame seed yield and yield components, green bean pod yield, sesame and green bean biological yield, growth indices and percentage and yield of sesame oil were evaluated.
Findings: The results of variance analysis of the data confirmed the significant effect of the main effects of intercropping and fertilizer treatments on all the measured traits at the probability level of 1%. The interaction between them (except root colonization percentage) also showed a statistically significant difference at the probability level of 1%. Compared to pure sesame cultivation, intercropping obtained the highest amount in all the measured traits. In such a way that the highest percentage of symbiosis of mycorrhiza with sesame roots and green beans, 43.12 and 44.06%, respectively, was observed in the intercropping of 2S:3GB. Among the fertilizer treatments, the highest rate of mycorrhiza coexistence with sesame and green beans was obtained from the chicken manure + mycorrhiza treatment, 78.57% and 79.22%, respectively. The highest seed yield and biological yield of sesame (257 and 928 g m-2, respectively) were obtained from intercropping of 3S:2GB using chicken manure + mycorrhiza. The highest yield of green pods (1204 g m-2) was awarded to the pure cultivation of green beans with the application of chicken manure + mycorrhiza. According to the means comparison, intercropping of 2S:2GB using chicken manure + mycorrhiza produced the highest percentage of sesame seed oil (49.94% and 52.54%, respectively). The highest yield of sesame seed oil (1350 kg ha-1) was also observed in intercropping of three 2S:2GB using chicken manure + mycorrhiza. According to the results, the highest amount of land equality ratio (1.62) was awarded to intercropping of 3S:3GB along with the application of chemical fertilizers.
Conclusion: Considering the superiority of poultry manure + mycorrhiza along with various types of intercropping for sesame plant, it seems that the application of this treatment in the bed of intercropping of plants is suggested to achieve proper performance in the tested area. also, the combined use of organic, biological and chemical fertilizers in the intercropping bed can be a suitable alternative to reduce the consumption of chemical inputs.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Crop Production
Volume 17, Issue 1
April 2024
Pages 99-126

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