Evaluation of salinity stress tolerance of the high-product grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) genotypes

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran

2 Associate professor department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran

10.22069/ejcp.2024.21615.2596

Abstract

Abstract
Background and objectives
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.), an annual pulse crop belonging to the family of Fabaceae is under grown for food and feed purposes. Lathyrus genus is a sum of 187 species and subspecies, are cultivated for grain and forage purposes. The world demand for legume proteins is increasing for animal feeding. Grass pea would be a nice alternative for cropping systems in marginal lands and environments. This crop is relatively tolerant to several abiotic stresses; making it a reliable candidate for expansion in the semiarid areas of the world which are predicted to become more drought-prone due to climate change.
Materials and methods
This research was carried out in Plant Production and Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. The twenty-five grass pea genotypes were provided by ICARDA. In order to evaluate genotypes in terms of salinity tolerance, genotypes were studied at factorial experiments in completely random design with two replications in 2017. Salinity treatments were applied at four levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 mM of NaCl). Different seedlings traits in the laboratory and agronomic trait in pots in the field of were evaluated. The evaluated morphological and physiological traits were root length, stem length, seedling length, root dry weight, shoot to root ratio, shoot to root ratio, height shoots, number of pods, number of seeds, number of branches, number of leaves, fresh weight of fruit, dry weight of fruit, fresh weight of shoots, dry weight of shoots, leaf length, leaf width, branch location, leaf angle, number of rhizobium, depth of rhizobium, length root, flowering date, germination percentage, germination rate, podding and stability under salinity stress. SPSS software applied for analysis.
Results
The genotypes had significant differences in most of the studied traits. With increasing salinity levels plant height, shoot weight, number of branches, shoot dry weight, leaf width, leaf number, first branch location and seedling time, root length, length of shoots, seedling length, root dry weight and stem dry weight were decreased. The cluster analysis of high-yielding genotypes based on the standardized mean with Euclidean distance and Ward algorithm divided the studied genotypes into three clusters. The first cluster included genotypes 19 and 20. The genotypes 24, 25, 8, 16, 10, 2, and 5 were located into the second cluster, and finally, the third cluster included genotypes 3, 6, 1, 7, 23, 15, 4, 22, 18, 14, 13, 12, 11, 21, 9 and 17. Principal component analysis (PCA) reduced the traits in three main components with 70.25 % of variation, which according to the results the first component was named the grain yield component and the second component as the number of leaves. These components can be used in breeding programs for the selection of genotypes and breeding goals in resistance to salt stress.
Conclusion
With the increase in salinity levels, the yield significantly decreased compared to the control. Genotypes 21 and 18 had the highest and lowest germination rates, respectively, and genotypes 8 and 15 had the highest and lowest germination percentages, respectively. In terms of the durability of genotypes to salinity, genotypes 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 23, and 24 were the best genotypes and the most sensitive genotypes to salinity with low performance were genotypes 19 and 20. Genotypes 5, 14, 10, 16, 21, 24 and 25 (control) had the highest yield.

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Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Crop Production
Volume 17, Issue 1
April 2024
Pages 1-18

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