Investigating the role of brassinolide in tolerance to lead toxicity on growth and physiological traits of pinto beans

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 1. Ph.D, Student, Department of Agronomy, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agrotechnology, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background and objectives:
Heavy metal pollution is becoming a serious problem for agricultural lands and a great threat to the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems. Lead is one of the most dangerous heavy metals, which is the second heavy metal after arsenic in terms of toxicity and occurrence. One of the important aspects of tolerance of non-living stresses including heavy metals in plants is the role of plant growth regulators. Among these growth regulators, we can mention brassinosteroid, which plays an important role in inducing the reaction of plants to many abiotic stresses such as heavy metals. As a messenger molecule, this compound increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces the production of reactive oxygen species. In the production of the leguminous family, the toxicity caused by heavy metals has a significant effect. Therefore, the present research is aimed at investigating the effect of the heavy metal lead and the moderating effect of brassinolide.
Materials and methods:
This experiment was conducted in the spring and summer of 1400 in a potted form in a greenhouse located in Ray City in order to investigate the role of brassinolide application in reducing the toxicity caused by lead heavy metal stress in the pinto bean plant variety. This research was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were 1) control (no application of lead and brassinolide) (T1). 2) lead stress (application of 200 mg/kg of soil from a source of lead nitrate) (T2). 3) lead stress + seed treatment with brassinolide. Concentration of 0.1 mg/liter for 12 hours (T3). 4) Lead stress + seed treatment with brassinolide with a concentration of 0.2 mg/liter for 12 hours (T4). 5) Lead stress + spraying Brassinolide with a concentration of 0.1 mg/liter from the 4-leaf stage during 3 stages with an interval of 7 days (T5). During 3 stages with an interval of 7 days (T6).
Results:
The results of this research showed that the vegetative traits all decreased due to the use of lead and the toxicity of this heavy metal, but biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes increased along with root lead. This method increased the resistance of pinto beans to lead stress. The results of the mean comparisons showed that the highest seed yield with an average of 18.31 gr/plant was obtained from the control treatment (no use of lead and brassinolide) and the lowest amount with an average of 8.22 grams per plant was obtained from the treatment of lead toxicity with an amount of 200 ml g/kg and lack of brassinolide consumption were found to moderate the effect of lead. Also, among the treatments in which brassinolide was used as a compound preventing the harmful effects of the heavy metal lead, the highest amount with an average of 13.84 grams per plant was related to the use of 0.2 mg/liter as a foliar spray, which indicates The superiority of using brassinolide as a foliar spray is compared to other methods and consumption amounts.
Conclusion:
These results showed that seed pretreatment and foliar spraying with brassinolide can be used as a useful method to tolerate lead stress in beans by reducing lead absorption, increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and improving the greenness index and water condition of the plant.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Ashraf, U., Hussain, S., Anjum, S. A., Abbas, F., Tanveer, M., Noor, M. A., & Tang, X. (2017). Alterations in growth, oxidative damage, and metal uptake of five aromatic rice cultivars under lead toxicity. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 115, 461-471.
  2. Mahdavian, K., Ghaderian, S. M., & Schat, H. (2016). Pb accumulation, Pb tolerance, antioxidants, thiols, and organic acids in metallicolous and non-metallicolous Peganum harmala under Pb exposure. Environmental and experimental botany, 126, 21-31.
  3. Khan, I., Iqbal, M., Ashraf, M. Y., Ashraf, M. A., & Ali, S. (2016). Organic chelants-mediated enhanced lead (Pb) uptake and accumulation is associated with higher activity of enzymatic antioxidants in spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 317, 352-361.
  4. Hussain, I., Siddique, A., Ashraf, M. A., Rasheed, R., Ibrahim, M., Iqbal, M., ... & Imran, M. (2017). Does exogenous application of ascorbic acid modulate growth, photosynthetic pigments and oxidative defense in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) under lead stress?. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 39, 1-13.
  5. Upreti, K. K., & Murti, G. S. R. (2004). Effects of brassmosteroids on growth, nodulation, phytohormone content and nitrogenase activity in French bean under water stress. Biologia Plantarum, 48, 407-411.
  6. Rady, M. M., & Mohamed, G. F. (2015). Modulation of salt stress effects on the growth, physio-chemical attributes and yields of Phaseolus vulgaris plants by the combined application of salicylic acid and Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Scientia Horticulturae, 193, 105-113.
  7. Horváth, E., Szalai, G., & Janda, T. (2007). Induction of abiotic stress tolerance by salicylic acid signaling. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 26, 290-300.
  8. Özdemir, F., Bor, M., Demiral, T., & Türkan, İ. (2004). Effects of 24-epibrassinolide on seed germination, seedling growth, lipid peroxidation, proline content and antioxidative system of rice (Oryza sativa) under salinity stress. Plant growth regulation, 42, 203-211.
  9. Jaisingh, S. N., & Ota, Y. (1993). Effects of epibrassinolide on gram (Cicer arientinum) plants grow under water stress in juvenile stage. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 63, 395-397.
  10. Fridman, Y., & Savaldi-Goldstein, S. (2013). Brassinosteroids in growth control: how, when and where. Plant Science, 209, 24-31.
  11. Clouse, S. D., & Sasse, J. M. (1998). Brassinosteroids: essential regulators of plant growth and development. Annual review of plant biology, 49(1), 427-451.
  12. Nemhauser, J. L., & Chory, J. (2004). BRing it on: new insights into the mechanism of brassinosteroid action. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55(395), 265-270.
  13. Howell, W. M., Keller, G. E., Kirkpatrick, J. D., Jenkins, R. L., Hunsinger, R. N., & McLaughlin, E. W. (2007). Effects of the plant steroidal hormone, 24-epibrassinolide, on the mitotic index and growth of onion (Allium cepa) root tips.  Mol. Res, 6(1), 50-58.
  14. Divi, U. K., & Krishna, P. (2009). Brassinosteroid: a biotechnological target for enhancing crop yield and stress tolerance. New biotechnology, 26(3-4), 131-136.
  15. Vardhini, B. V., & Rao, S. S. R. (1998). Effect of brassinosteroids on growth, metabolite content and yield of Arachis hypogaea. Phytochemistry, 48(6),927-930.
  16. Esposito, D., Komarnytsky, S., Shapses, S., & Raskin, I. (2011). Anabolic effect of plant brassinosteroid. The FASEB Journal, 25(10), 3708.
  17. Kang, Y. Y., & Guo, S. R. (2011). Role of brassinosteroids on horticultural crops. Brassinosteroids: A class of plant hormone, 269-288.
  18. Sidhu, G. P. S., Singh, H. P., Batish, D. R., & Kohli, R. K. (2016). Effect of lead on oxidative status, antioxidative response and metal accumulation in Coronopus didymus. Plant physiology and biochemistry, 105, 290-296.
  19. Zhou, J., Jiang, Z., Ma, J., Yang, L., & Wei, Y. (2017). The effects of lead stress on photosynthetic function and chloroplast ultrastructure of Robinia pseudoacaciaEnvironmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 10718-10726.
  20. Bharwana, S. A., Ali, S., Farooq, M. A., Iqbal, N., Hameed, A., Abbas, F., & Ahmad, M. S. A. (2014). Glycine betaine-induced lead toxicity tolerance related to elevated photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes suppressed lead uptake and oxidative stress in cotton. Turkish Journal of Botany, 38(2), 281-292.
  21. Hasanuzzaman, M., Alam, M. M., Rahman, A., Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., & Fujita, M. (2014). Exogenous proline and glycine betaine mediated upregulation of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems provides better protection against salt-induced oxidative stress in two rice (Oryza sativa) varieties. BioMed Research International,2014.
  22. Beyer Jr, W. F., & Fridovich, I. (1987). Assaying for superoxide dismutase activity: some large consequences of minor changes in conditions. Analytical biochemistry, 161(2), 559-566.
  23. Nakano, Y., & Asada, K. (1981). Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and cell physiology, 22(5), 867-880.
  24. Heath, R. L., & Packer, L. (1968). Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts: I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 125(1), 189-198.
  25. Pourrut, B., Shahid, M., Dumat, C., Winterton, P., & Pinelli, E. (2011). Lead uptake, toxicity, and detoxification in plants. Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology volume 213, 113-136.
  26. Jabeen, N., Abbas, Z., Iqbal, M., Rizwan, M., Jabbar, A., Farid, M., ... & Abbas, F. (2016). Glycinebetaine mediates chromium tolerance in mung bean through lowering of Cr uptake and improved antioxidant system. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 62(5), 648-662.
  27. Turgut, C., Pepe, M. K., & Cutright, T. J. (2004). The effect of EDTA and citric acid on phytoremediation of Cd, Cr, and Ni from soil using Helianthus annuus. Environmental pollution, 131(1),147-154.
  28. Ewemoje, T. A. (2007). Variable Irrigation Scheduling Effects on Growth Parameters of Celosia Argentea in Humid Tropical Environment. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal.
  29. Khalilzadeh, R., Pirzad, A., Sepehr, E., Khan, S., & Anwar, S. (2020). Long-term effect of heavy metal–polluted wastewater irrigation on physiological and ecological parameters of Salicornia europaea L. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 20, 1574-1587.
  30. Raklami, A., Tahiri, A. I., Bechtaoui, N., Pajuelo, E., Baslam, M., Meddich, A., & Oufdou, K. (2021). Restoring the plant productivity of heavy metal-contaminated soil using phosphate sludge, marble waste, and beneficial microorganisms. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 99, 210-221.
  31. Chaki, M., Begara-Morales, J. C., & Barroso, J. B. (2020). Oxidative stress in plants. Antioxidants, 9(6), 481.
  32. Zong, H., Liu, S., Xing, R., Chen, X., & Li, P. (2017). Protective effect of chitosan on photosynthesis and antioxidative defense system in edible rape (Brassica rapa L.) in the presence of cadmium. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 138, 271-278.
  33. Vazquez, M. N., Rodriguez, C. R., & Manchado, F. C. (2003). Synthesis and practical applications of brassinosteroid analogs. Brassinosteroids: bioactivity and crop productivity, 87-117.
  34. Kerchev, P., van der Meer, T., Sujeeth, N., Verlee, A., Stevens, C. V., Van Breusegem, F., & Gechev, T. (2020). Molecular priming as an approach to induce tolerance against abiotic and oxidative stresses in crop plants. Biotechnology advances, 40, 107503.
  35. Ruley, A. T., Sharma, N. C., Sahi, S. V., Singh, S. R., & Sajwan, K. S. (2006). Effects of lead and chelators on growth, photosynthetic activity and Pb uptake in Sesbania drummondii grown in soil. Environmental pollution, 144(1), 11-18.
  36. Huang, C. Y., Bazzaz, F. A., & Vanderhoef, L. N. (1974). The inhibition of soybean metabolism by cadmium and lead. Plant physiology, 54(1), 122-124.
  37. Aldesuquy, H. S. (2016). Polyamines in relation to metal concentration, distribution, relative water content and abscisic acid in wheat plants irrigated with waste water heavily polluted with heavy metals. International Journal of Bioassays, 5, 4534-4546.
  38. Yildirim, E., Ekinci, M., Turan, M., Güleray, A. G. A. R., Selda, Ö. R. S., Dursun, A., ... & Balci, T. (2019). Impact of cadmium and lead heavy metal stress on plant growth and physiology of rocket (Eruca sativa). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 22(6), 843-850.
  39. Verma, S., & Dubey, R. S. (2003). Lead toxicity induces lipid peroxidation and alters the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice plants. Plant science, 164(4), 645-655.
  40. Chen, Z., Yang, B., Hao, Z., Zhu, J., Zhang, Y., & Xu, T. (2018). Exogenous hydrogen sulfide ameliorates seed germination and seedling growth of cauliflower under lead stress and its antioxidant role. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 37, 5-15.
Journal of Crop Production
Volume 16, Issue 3
October 2024
Pages 17-32

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics