Morpho-physiological evaluation of susceptible and drought tolerant genotypes of winter bread wheat

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D Graduated in Plant Breeding, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran,

2 Professor, Department of plant genetics and production engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran,

3 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran,

4 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and plant breeding, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran,

Abstract

Background and objectives: Wheat, as one of the most important crops, occupies about 20% of the world's cultivated area. In the FAO report, more than 90% of Iran is classified as arid and semi-arid. The impact of drought stress on crops is devastating every year, resulting in yield losses of 17%. It is therefore of high importance to research to improve crop resilience to drought stress and minimize water losses in agriculture. Accordingly, four advanced tolerant and sensitive bread wheat genotypes against drought stress were studied regarding yield and other physiological, morphological, and phenological traits under normal and water deficit conditions during the flowering stage. The objective was to discover the main causes of stress tolerance or sensitivity from different aspects of the studied genotypes.
Materials and methods: To explore the effect of moisture stress at flowering stage, four genotypes were investigated as the main factor (A) by factorial experiment based on the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications under the normal and moisture stress conditions at flowering stage as the sub-factor (B) in the research field.
Results: The results of analysis of variance showed a significant difference at least at 5% probability level between genotypes and drought stress levels according to most studied traits. Based on the results from the comparison of means of traits, the high tolerance of Eroum cultivar to drought stress was due to the higher increase in MDA and H2O2 and lower decrease in traits of chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, 1000-seed weight and plant height. Also, the Mihan cultivar was more tolerant to drought stress because of the higher increase of proline, carotenoid, POX, CAT, peduncle length and number of days to 50% flowering and the lower decrease in the number of grains per spike due to drought stress. The results of biplot analysis based on the principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the flag leaf area, vegetative growth rate, number of fertilizer tillers, grain yield, number of grains per spike, 1000-seed weight, CAT, proline, POX, MDA and carotenoid play a decisive role in genotype discrimination under the normal and stress conditions. The results of path analysis showed that the vegetative growth rate, total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a content and plant height, due to significant direct effects, and also the MDA, proline content and peduncle length, chlorophyll a concentration, chlorophyll b concentration, carotenoid content, total chlorophyll concentration, length of grain filling period and vegetative growth rate, due to the greater correlation with grain yield, can be used as suitable indicators for the selection of tolerance genotypes.
Conclusion: According to the mean comparison, causality, and biplot analyses, the high yield of the Arum genotype under normal and water stress conditions can be explained by total protein, vegetative growth rate, grain filling rate, 1000- grain weight, grain filling period, grains number in spike, fertile tillers number, plant height, and malondialdehyde. Whereas, the high yield of the Mihan genotype under both normal and moisture deficit conditions can be attributed to vegetative growth rate, 1000 grain weight, flag leaf area, grain filling period, grains number in spike, fertile tillers number, plant height, total chlorophyll concentration, chlorophyll a and b concentration, peduncle length, carotenoid content, and proline content.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. (2020). World food situation, Available at: http://www.fao.org/ world food situation/ csdb/en/.
  • 2010. FAOSTAT. Available in http://faostat.fao.org/[28 May 2010].
  • Kovacik, J., Klejdus, B., Babula, P. & Jarosova, M. (2014). Variation of antioxidants and secondary metabolites in nitrogen-deficient barely plants. J. Plant Physiol. 171: 260-268.
  • Brevedan, R.E. & Egli, D.B. (2003). Short periods of water stress during seed filling, leaf senescence, and yield of soybean. Crop Sci. 43: 2083-2088.
  • Miller, G., Suzuki, N. & Ciftci‐Yilmaz, S. (2010). Reactive oxygen species homeostasis and signaling during drought and salinity stresses. Plant Cell 33: 453-467.
  • Parida, A.K. & Das, A.B. (2005). Salt tolerance and salinity effects on Plants. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 60: 324-349.
  • Vinocur, B. & Altman, A. (2005). Recent advances in engineering plant tolerance to abiotic stress: achievements and limitations. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 16: 123-132.
  • Bishop, D.L. & Bugbee, B.G. (1998). Photosynthetic capacity and dry mass partitioning in dwarf and semi-dwarf wheat. J. Plant Physiol. 153: 558-565.
  1. Pessarkli, M. 1999. Handbook of plant and crop stress. Marcel Dekker INC. 697p.    
  2. Estill, K., Delany, H., Smith  W.K. &  Ditterline, R.L. (1991). Water relations and productivity of alfalfa leaf chlorophyll variants. Crop Sci. 25: 345-348.     
  3. Saba, J., Tavana, Sh., Qorbanian, Z., Shadan, E., Shekari, F. & Jabbari, F. (2018). Canonical Correlation Analysis to Determine the Best Traits for Indirect Improvement of Wheat Grain Yield under Terminal Drought Stress. J. Agr. Sci. Tech., 20: 1037-1048. (In Persian)
  4. Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochem. 72: 248-254.
  5. Chance, B. & Maehly, C. (1955).  Assay of catalases and peroxidases. Meth. Enzymol. 11: 764-755.    
  6. Kar, M. & Mishra, D. (1976). Catalase, Peroxidase, and Polyphenoloxidase activities during Rice leaf senescence. Plant Physiol. 57: 315-319.
  7. Bates, L., Waldrem, R. & Teare, I. (1973). Rapid determination of free praline for water stress studies. Plant Soil. 39: 205-207.
  8. Arnon, A.N. (1967). Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agron. J. 23: 112-121.
  9. Bayoumi, T.Y., Eid, M.H. & Metwali, E.M. (2008). Application of physiological and indices as a screening technique for drought tolerance in wheat genotypes. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 7: 2341-2352.
  10. Slafer, G.A. & Savin, R. (1994). Post-anthesis green area duration in a semi-dwarf and a standard height wheat cultivar as affected by sink strength. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 43: 1337-1346.
  11. Huyuan, F., Xue, Li.S. & Wang, L.X. (2007). The interactive effects of enhanced UV-B radiation and soil drought on spring wheat. South Afr. J. of Bot.73: 429-434.   
  12. Molnar, I., Dulai, S., Csernak, A., Pronay, J. & Lang, M.M. (2005). Photosynthetic responses to drought stress in different Aegilops Acta Biol. 49: 141-142.
  13. Schutz, M. & Fangmeir, E. (2001). Growth and yield responses of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) to elevated CO2 and water limitation. Environ. Pollut. 114: 187-194.
  14. Mohan, B.S. & Hosetti, B.B. 2006. Phytotoxicity of cadmium on the physiological dynamics of Salvinia natans grown in macrophyte ponds. J. Environ. Biol. 27: 701-704.
  15. Hassegawa, R. H., Fonsenca, H., Fancelli, A. L., Dasilva, V. N., Schammass, E. A., Reis, T. A. & Correa, B. (2008). Influnce of macro and micro nutrient fertilization on fungal contamination and fumonisin production in corn grains. Food Control. 19: 36-43.
  16. Sheteawi, S.A. & Tawfik, K.M. (2007). Interaction effect of some biofertilizers and irrigation water regime on mung bean (Vigna radiate) growth and yield. J. appl. sci. res. 3: 3. 251-262.
  17. Nikolaeva, M.K., Maevskaya, S.N., Shugaev, A.G. & Bukhov, N.G. (2010). Effect of drought on chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves of three wheat cultivars varying in productivity. Russ. J. Plant Physiol. 57: 87-95.
  18. Darvishi-Baloochi, M., Paknejad, F., Kashani, A. & Ardakani, M.R. (2010). Effect of water stress and foliar feeding of micronutrients on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll content, RWC, membrane stability and grain yield of maize (SC704). J. Crop Sci. 41: 3. 531-543. (In Persian).   
  19. Kuznetsov, W. & Shevyankova, N.L. (1997). Stress responses of tobacco cells to high temperature and salinity. Proline accumulation and phosphorylation of polypeptides. Physiol. Plant. 100: 320-326.
  20. Gomes, F.P., Oliva, M.A. Mielke, M.S. Almeida, A.A.F. & Aquino, L.A. (2010). Osmotic adjustment, proline accumulation and membrane stability in leaves of Cocosnuciera submitted to drought stress. Sci. Hortic. 126: 379-384.
  21. Fujita, T., Maggio, A., Rios, M.G., Stauffacher, C., Bressan, R.A. & Csonka, L.N. (2003). Identification of regions of the tomato - glutamyl kinase that are involved in allosteric regulation by proline. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 16. 14203-10.
  22. Giri, G.S. & Schilinger, W.F. (2003). Seed priming winter wheat for germination, emergence, and yield. Crop sci. 43: 2135-2141.  
  23. Manivannan, P., Jaleel, C.A., Sankar, B., Kishorekumar, ,  Somasundaram, R.,  Lakshmanan, G.M.A. & Panneerselvam, R. (2010). Growth, biochemical modifications and proline metabolism in Helianthus annuus L. as induced by drought stress. Colloids Surf. B. 59: 141-149.  
  24. EL-Tayeb, M.A. (2005). Response of barley grains to the interactive effect of salinity and salicylic acid. Plant Growth Regul. 45: 215-222.
  25. Mittler, R. (2002). Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends Plant Sci. 7: 405-410.
Journal of Crop Production
Volume 16, Issue 2
June 2023
Pages 105-124

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics