Efficiency of seedbeds and different dosage of Oxyfluorfen herbicide on weeds control, yield and yield components of garlic (Allium sativum L)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan

2 هیات علمی دانشکده کشاورزی- گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی

3 Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University

4 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. Faculty of Agriculture , Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of khouzestan

Abstract

Background and objectives:
Garlic (Allium sativum L) is known as one of the agricultural- medicinal plants. Due to slow growth, small stature, close canopy and shallow roots, have low competitive ability against weeds. Removing weeds in early growing season can significantly help to achieve optimum garlic yield. One way to reduce the effects of weed competition is to application false and stale seedbeds. The aim of this research was to investigate the kind of seedbed treatments with the application of different dosage of Oxyfluorfen herbicide on weed control, yield and yield components of garlic.
Materials and methods:
A split-plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in the cropping year 2020-2021 at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. The main plot consisted of different planting seedbed 1. Conventional seedbed (without irrigation using plow and disc), 2. Stale seedbed using Paraquat herbicide (4 L/ha SL20%), 3 stale seedbed using Glyphosate herbicide (6 L/ha SL 41%), 4 false seedbed using flame application, 5 false seedbed with manual cultivation and different dosage of Oxyfluorfen herbicide (0, 1, 1.5 and 2 L/ha as split dosage) were considered as subplots.
Results:
The relationship between total dry weight of weeds and different dosage of herbicide in seedbed indicated that the highest dry weight of weeds (231 g/m2) in conventional seedbed and the lowest were two treatments for stale seedbed by using, glyphosate and Paraquat herbicides (52 and 48 g/m2). dosage required for 50% reduction of total dry weight of weeds in sampling 50 days after planting in seedbeds, flame cultivation, glyphosate, conventional and Paraquat were predicted 0.81, 0.60, 0.28, 0.75 and 0.50 L/ha respectively. The highest and lowest yield marketable yield of garlic were related to the application of herbicide 1L/ha in stale seedbed with glyphosate (538 g/m2) and Conventional seedbed with non-application herbicide (49 g/m2). Also the results indicated that the yield of garlic in the application of false seedbed with flame was higher than seedbed with cultivation. Wastage percentage of bulbs was 46% in the absence of herbicide in conventional seedbed treatment. Wastage percent of bulbs in application herbicide dose 2 L/ha was higher than 1.5 and 1 L/ha.

Conclusion:
Stale and false seedbed significantly reduced the total dry weight of weeds in two samples 50 and 85 days after planting (64 and 48%) and increased garlic yield (50 %) compared to conventional seedbed. Application of 2L/ha of Oxyfluorfen herbicide in all seedbed treatments had effect burning on garlic. Application of 1.5 L/ha of Oxyfluorfen for proper control of weeds and achieving the optimum yield is recommended.

Keywords

References

  1. Adekpe, D.I., Shebayan, J.A.Y., Chiezey, U.F. and Miko, S. 2007. Yield responses of garlic (Allium sativum) to oxadiazon, date of planting and intra-row spacing underirrigation at Kadawa, Nigeria. Crop. Protect. 26: 12. 1785-1789.
  2. Qasem, J.R., 1996. Chemical weed control in garlic (Allium sativum) in Jordan. Crop Protect. 15: 1. 21-26.
  3. Rahman, U.H., Khattak, A.M., Sadiq, M., Ullah, K., Javaria, S. and Ullah, I. 2012. Influence of different Weed management practices on Yield of garlic crop (Allium sativum). Sarhad J. Agric. 28: 2. 213-218.
  4. Warren, G.F. 1975. Competition between purple nutsedge and vegetables. Weed Sci. 23: 40. 317-325.
  5. Tunku, P. 1997. Effect of weed interference and chemical weed control on growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum). Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Postgraduate School, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 81p.
  6. Lawande, K.E., Khar, A., Mahajan, V., Srinivas, P.S., Sankar, V. and Singh. R.P. 2009. Onion and Garlic research in India. J Hortic Sci. 4: 2. 91-119.
  7. Verma, S.K. and Singh, T. 1996. Weed control in kharif onion (Allium cepa). Ind. J. Weed Sci. 28: 1-2. 48-51.
  8. Riemens, M.M., Van Der Weide, R.Y., Bleeker, P.O. and Lotz, L.A.P. 2007. Effect of stale seedbed preparations and subsequent weed control in lettuce (cv. Iceboll) on weed densities. Weed Res. 47: 2. 149-156.
  9. Albrecht, H .2005. Development of arable weed seed banks during the 6 years after the change from conventional to organic farming. Weed Res. 45: 4. 339-350.
  10. Barberi, P., Cozzani, A., Macchia, M. and Bonari, E. 1998 Size and composition of the weed seedbank under different management systems for continuous maize cropping. Weed Res. 38: 5. 319-334.
  11. Hyvo¨nen, T. and Salonen, J. 2003. Weed seedbank development under low-input and conventional cropping systems. Asp Appl Biol. 69: 119-124.
  12. Verschwele, A. and Zwerger, P. 2005. Effects of organic farming on weed abundance – long-term results from a site in Northern Germany. 13th EWRS Symposium Bari, Italy, 1–2. European Weed Research Society,
  13. Kropff, M.J., Baumann, D.T. and Bastiaans, L. 2000. Dealing with weeds in organic agriculture-challenge and cutting edge in weed management. P 175-177. In: Alfoldi T, Lockeretz W, and Niggli U, Proceedings 2000 13th IFOAM Scientific Conference (eds), Basel, Switzerland, VDF Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zu¨ rich, Switzerland.
  14. Vleeshouwers, L.M., Bouwmeester, H.J. and Karssen, C.M. 1995. Redefining seed dormancy: an attempt to integrate physiology and ecology. J Ecol. 83: 6. 1031-1037.
  15. Rasmussen, I.A. 2004. The effect of sowing date, stale seedbed, row width and mechanical weed control on weeds and yields of organic winter wheat. Weed Res. 44: 1. 12-20.
  16. Mohler, C.L. 2001. Mechanical management of weeds. P 139-209. In: Liebman M, Mohler CL, Staver CP (eds). Ecological Management of Agricultural Weeds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  17. Heatherly, L.G., Wesley, R.A., Elmore, C.D. and Spurlock S.R. 1993. Net returns from stale seedbed plantings of soybean (Glycine max) on clay soil. Weed Technol. 7: 4. 972-980.
  18. Oliver, L.R., Klingaman, T.E., McClelland, M. and Bozsa, R.C. 1993. Herbicide systems in stale seedbed soybean (Glycine max) production. Weed Technol. 7: 4. 816-823.
  19. Rasmussen, J. 2003. Punch planting, flame weeding and stale seedbed for weed control in row crops. Weed Res. 43: 6. 393-403.
  20. Caldwell, B. and Mohler, C.L. 2001. Stale seedbed practices for vegetable production. Hort. Sci. 36: 4. 703-705.
  21. Dogan, M.N., Ünay, A., Boz, Ö. and Ögüt, D. 2009. Effect of pre-sowing and pre-emergence glyphosate applications on weeds in stale seedbed cotton. Crop Protect. 28: 6. 503-507.
  22. Veeramani, A., Prema, P. and Guru, G. 2006. Effect of pre and post-sowing weed management on weeds and summer irrigated cotton. Asian J Plant Sci. 5: 174-178
  23. Singh, M.K. and Singh, A. 2012. "Effect of stale seedbed method and weed management on growth and yield of irrigated direct-seeded rice." Ind J. Weed Sci. 4: 3. 176-180.
  24. Singh, M., Bhullar, M.S. and Gill, G. 2018. Integrated weed management in dry-seeded rice using stale seedbeds and post sowing herbicides. Field Crops Res. 224: 1. 182-191.
  25. Sharma, S.K., Pandey, D.K., Ganagwar, K.S. and Tomar, O.K. 2004. Weed control in direct, dry-seeded rice in India: comparison of seedbed preparation and use of pendimethalin. Rice. Res. Notes. 29: 2. 30-31.
  26. Renu, S., Thomas, C.G. and Abraham, C.T. 2000. Stale seedbed technique for the management of Sacciolepis interrupta in semi-dry rice. Ind J. Weed Sci. 32: 3-4. 140-145.
  27. Lonsbary, S.K., O'Sullivan, J. and Swanton, C.J. 2003. Stale-seedbed as a weed management alternative for machine-harvested cucumbers (Cucumis sativus). Weed Technol. 17: 4. 724-730.
  28. Shem-Tov, S., Fennimore, S.A. and Lanini, W.T. 2006. Weed management in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) with preplant irrigation. Weed Technol. 20: 4. 1058-1065.
  29. Johnson, W.C. and Mullinix, B.G. 1995. Weed management in peanut using stale seedbed techniques. Weed Sci. 43: 2. 293-297.
  30. Heatherly, L.G., Elmore, C.D. and Wesley, R.A. 1992. Weed control for soybean (Glycine max) planted in a stale or undisturbed seedbed on clay soil. Weed Technol. 6: 1. 119-124.
  31. Hydrick, D.E. and Shaw, D.R. 1995. Non-selective and selective herbicide combinations in stale seedbed (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 9: 1. 158-165.
  32. Hydrick, D.E. and Shaw, D.R. 1994. Sequential herbicide applications in stale seedbed soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 8: 4. 684-688.
  33. Schutte, B.J., Sanchez, A.D., Beck, L.L. and Idowu, O.J. 2021. False Seedbeds Reduce Labor Requirements for Weeding in Chile Pepper. Hortic Technol. 31: 1. 64-73.
  34. Boyd, N.S., Brennan, E.B. and Fennimore, S.A. 2006. Stale seedbed techniques for organic vegetable production. Weed Technol. 20: 4. 1052-1057.
  35. Melander, B. and Rasmussen, G. 2001. Effects of cultural methods and physical weed control on intra row weed numbers, manual weeding and marketable yield in direct‐sown leek and bulb onion. Weed Res. 41: 6. 491-508.
  36. Raoofi, M., Mahzari, S., Baghestani, M.A. and Giti, S. 2016. Effects of applying different herbicides dosages Oxyfluorfen and Trifluralin on morphological, economical and biological yield of garlic (Allium Sativum). Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biomed. Res. 4: 2. 145-151
  37. Zare, A., Rahimian- Mashhadi, H., Ovesi, M. and Hamidi, R. 2021. Regrowth phenomenon of wild oat after application herbicide in two populations Fars and Kurdistan. Appl Entomol Phytopathol. 88: 2. 187-197.
  38. Hawton, D. 1980. Chemical control of Eleusine indica and other weeds in Setaria anceps. Weed Res. 20: 1. 33-40.
  39. Patil, B.V., Naruka, I.S., Shaktawat, R.P.S. and Verma, K.S. 2016. Studies on Growth, Yield and Quality of Garlic (Allium sativum) as Affected by Herbicides and Weeds. Int. J. Bio-Resour. Stress Manage. 6: 5. 1099-1103.
  40. Nortje, P.F. and Henrico, P.J. 1985. Evaluering van plantdoders vir langtermynbeheer van onkruid in aanplantings van knoffel (Allium sativum). S. Afr. J. Plant Soil. 2: 2. 85-88.
  41. Ghosheh, H.Z. 2000. Garlic (Allium sativum) response to weed control practices. Bodenkul wien munch. 51: 3. 157-162.
  42. Mohamed, M.A.A., Mahgoub, B.M. and Elamin, S.E. 2015. Chemical weed control in garlic (Allium sativum) in Dongola Locality, Northern State, Sudan. J. Agric. Vet. Sci. 16: 2. 109-118.
  43. Bruff, S.A. and Shaw, D.R. 1992. Tank-mix combinations for weed control in stale seedbed soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 6: 45-51.
  44. Liebmann, M. and Gallandt, E.R. 1997. Many little hammers: ecological approaches to management of crop-weed interactions. P 291-346. In: Jackson LE (eds.), Ecology in Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA. 1.
  45. Gibson, K.D., Fischer, A.J., Foin, T.C. and Hill, J.E. 2002. Implications of delayed Echinochloa germination and duration of competition for integrated weed management in water-seeded rice. Weed Res. 42: 5. 351-358.
  46. Milberg, P., Andersson, L. and Noronha, A. 1996. Seed germination after short-duration light exposure: implications for the photo-control of weeds. J. Appl. Ecol. 33: 1469-1478.
  47. Hartmann, K.M. and Nezadal, W. 1990 Photo control of weeds without herbicides. Naturwiss. 77: 4. 158-163
  48. Botto, J.F., Sanchez, R.A. and Casal, J.J. 1998. Burial conditions affect light response of Datura ferox Seed Sci Res. 8: 4. 423-429.
  49. Buhler, D.D., Hartzler, R.G. and Forcella, F. 1998. Weed seed bank dynamics: implications to weed management. J Crop Prod. 1: 1. 145-168.
  50. Scopel, A.L., Ballare, C.L. and Sanchez, R.A. 1991. Induction of extreme light sensitivity in buried weed seeds and its role in the perception of soil cultivations. Plant Cell Environ. 14: 5. 501-508.
  51. Jensen, P.K. 1995 Effect of light environment during soil disturbance on germination and emergence pattern of weeds. Ann. Appl. Biol. 127: 3. 561-571.

 

  1. Juroszek, J. and Gerhards, R. 2004 Photocontrol of weeds. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 190: 6. 402-415.
  2. Andersson, L., Milberg, P. and Noronha, A. 1997. Germination response of weed seeds to light, light of short duration and darkness after stratification in soil. Swedish J Agric. 27: 3. 113-120.

De Cauwer, B., Delanote, L., Devos, M., De Ryck, S. and Reheul, D. 2021. Optimisation of weed control in organic processing spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.): Impacts of cultivar, seeding rate, plant spacing and integrated weed management strategy. Agro. 11: 1. 53. 

Journal of Crop Production
Volume 15, Issue 3
October 2022
Pages 103-122

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics