Effect of Mycorrhiza, vermicompost and Nano silicon on agronomic and physiological traits of triticale under different intensities drought stress

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

2 Department Plant production and genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

Abstract

Effect of Mycorrhiza, vermicompost and Nano silicon on agronomic and physiological traits of triticale under different intensities drought stress
Abstract
Background and objectives: Drought is the most severe abiotic stress factor limiting plant growth and crop production. Drought stress decreases the yield of many crops by inhibits plant photosynthesis and photosystem II efficiency. Mycorrhiza application is a strategy that can improve plant performance under stress environments and, consequently enhance plant growth through different mechanisms. The mechanisms used by mycorrhiza to enhance the water relations of host plants are not amply clear, however, this may occur by increasing water absorption by external hyphae, regulation of stomatal apparatus, increase in activity of antioxidant enzymes and absorption of nutrients particularly phosphorus. Also, vermicompost can directly increase plant production through increasing available plant nutrients and indirectly promote soil quality by improving soil structure and stimulating microbial activities, relative to conventional chemical fertilization. Silicon is an essential micronutrient for biological systems and plays a crucial physiological role in photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mycorrhiza, vermicompost and silicon on some physiological and agronomic traits of triticale under different intensities drought stress.
Materials and methods: an experiment as factorial was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in a research greenhouse of faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil during 2020. The experimental factors were included irrigation in three levels (normal irrigation as control; moderate water limitation or irrigation withholding at 50% of heading stage; severe water limitation or irrigation withholding at 50% of poddind stage), application of organic and bio fertilizers (no application of bio fertilizers as control, application of vermicompost, Mycorrhiza application, both application vermicompost and Mycorrhiza), foliar application of Nano Silicon (foliar application with water as control and foliar application of 2 g.L-1).
Results: The results showed that 81 days after planting, both application of vermicompost with Mycorrhiza and nano silicon foliar application under normal irrigation conditions, increased maximum fluorescence (43.93%), variable fluorescence (97.41%), quantum yield (37.05%), chlorophyll index (60.62%), nitrogen index (42.75%) and relative water content of flag leaf (84.27%) in comparison with no application of organic and bio fertilizers and nano silicon under irrigation withholding in podding stage. no application of organic and bio fertilizers and nano silicon under full irrigation increased electrical conductivity and minimum fluorescence of flag leaf. Also, both application of vermicompost with Mycorrhiza and nano silicon foliar application under normal irrigation conditions, increased grain yield (59.52%) in comparison with no application of organic and bio fertilizers and nano silicon under irrigation withholding in podding stage.
Conclusion: It seems that the application of organic and bio fertilizers and nano silicon can increase the grain yield of triticale under water limitation due to improve chlorophyll fluorescence and some physiological traits.

Keywords

References

  1. Auge, R.M., Toler, H.D. and Saxton, A.M. 2015. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alters stomatal conductance of host plants more under drought than under amply watered conditions: a meta-analysis. Mycorrhiza. 25: 1. 13-24.
  2. Baker, N.R. and Rosenqvist, E. 2004. Applications of chlorophyll fluorescence can improve crop production strategies: an examination of future possibilities. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 403. 1607-1621.
  3. Dakora, F.D. 2005. Silicon nutrition and N2 fixation in symbiotic legumes lll. Silicon in Agriculture Conference, 22- 26 October, Uberlandia, Brazil.
  4. Dalal, V.K. and Tripathy, B.C. 2012. Modulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis by water stress in rice seedlings during chloroplast biogenesis. Plant Cell Environ. 35: 9. 1685-1703.
  5. Eneji, A.E., Inanaga, S., Muranaka, S., Li, J., Hattori, T., An, P. and Tsuji, W. 2008. Growth and nutrient use in four grasses under drought stress as mediated by silicon fertilizers. J. Plant Nutr. 31: 2. 355-365.
  6. Esmaielpour, B. and Amani, N. 2014. Investigating the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on growth and uptake of nutrients in lactuca sativa cv Syaho. EJSMS. 4: 2. 49-69. (In Persian)
  7. Evelin, H., Giri, B. and Kapoor, R. 2012. Contribution of Glomus intraradices inoculation to nutrient acquisition and mitigation of ionic imbalance in NaCl-stressed Trigonella foenum-graecum. Mycorrhiza. 22: 3. 203-217.
  8. Fracheboud, Y. 2006. Using chlorophyll fluorescence to study photosynthesis. Institute of Plant Science ETH, Universitatstrass, CH- 8092 Zurich.
  9. Ghldani, M. and Kamali, M., 2016. Evaluation of culture media including vermicompost, compost and manure under drought stress in Iranian petunia (Petunia hybrida). Plant Prod. 39: 3. 91-100. (In Persian).
  10. Gholami Ganjeh, S. and Salehi, A. 2015. Effects of different levels of vermicompost and biofertilizers on essential oil content and uptake of some elements in cumin (Cuminum cyminum ). IJMAPR. 31: 5. 822-830. (In Persian)
  11. Guo, Y., Ni, Y. and Huang, J. 2010. Effects of rhizobium, arbuscular mycorrhiza and lime on nodulation, growth and nutrient uptake of lucerne in acid purplish soil in China. Trol Grassl. 44: 2. 109-114.
  12. Heidarpour, O., Esmaielpour, B., Soltani Toolarood, A. and Khorramdel, S. 2020. Effect of vermicompost on morphophysiological, biochemical and yield characteristics of summer savory (Satureja hortensis) under different irrigation regimes. J. Agroecol. 12: 3. 507-522. (In Persian)
  13. James, B., Rodel, D., Lorettu, U., Reynaldo, E. and Tariq, H. 2008. Effect of vesicular arboscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi inoculation on coppicing ability and drought resistance of Senna Spectabilis. Pak. J. Bot. 40: 5. 2217-2224.
  14. Kheirizadeh Arough, Y. 2016. Effects of nano zinc oxide foliar application, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and free living nitrogen fixing bacteria on yield and some physiological traits of Triticale under salinity and water limitation condition. Thesis Ph.D in Crop Physiology. Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran. (In Persian)
  15. Kheirizadeh Arough, Y., Seyed Sharifi, R. and Seyed Sharifi, R. 2016. Bio fertilizers and zinc effects on some physiological parameters of triticale under water-limitation condition. J. Plant Interact. 11: 1. 167-177.
  16. Kheirizadeh Arough, Y., Seyed Sharifi, R., Sedghi, M. and Barmaki, M. 2016. Effect of Zinc and bio-fertilizers on antioxidant enzymes activity, chlorophyll content, soluble sugars and proline in triticale under salinity condition. Not Bot Hortic Agrobot Cluj Napoca. 44: 1. 116-124.
  17. Kiani, S. 2012. Effects of iron on efficiency and map of photosystem II photochemical yield of rose flower using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. J. Sci. Technol. Greenhouse Culture. 2: 4. 25-35. (In Persian)
  18. Kostopoulou, P., Barbayiannis, N. and Basile, N. 2010. Water relations of yellow sweet clover under the synergy of drought and selenium addition. Plant Soil. 330: 1-2. 65-71.
  19. Kumar, G.A., Bishwas, R., Mahendra, P.S., Vibha, U. and Chandan, K.S. 2011. Effect of fertilizers and vermicompost on growth, yield and biochemical changes in Abelmoschus esculentus. Plant Arch. 11: 1. 285-287.
  20. Liang, Y., Sun, W., Zhu, Y. and Christie, P. 2007. Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of abiotic stresses in higher plants- a review. Environ. Pollut. 147: 2. 422-428.
  21. Liang, Y.C., Zhang, W.H., Chen, Q., Liu, Y.L. and Ding, R.X. 2006. Effect of exogenous silicon (Si) on H+-ATPase activity, phospholipids and fluidity of plasma membrane in leaves of salt-stressed barley (Hordeum vulgare). Environ. Exp. Bot. 57: 3. 212-219.
  22. Ma, J.F. and Yamaji, N. 2006. Silicon uptake and accumulation in higher plants. Trends Plant Sci. 11: 8. 1-6.
  23. Malakouti, M., Moshiri, J.F. and Ghaibi, M.N. 2005. Optimum levels of nutrients in soil and some agronomic and horticultural crops. Soil Water Res. Ins. Technic. Bulletin. 405.
  24. Maxwell, K. and Johnson, G.N. 2000. Chlorophyll fluorecence a practical guide. J. Exp. Bot. 51: 345. 656-668.
  25. Mehraban Joubani, P., Barzegar, A., Barzagar Golchini, B., Ramezani Sayyad, A. and Abdolzadeh, A. 2019. Comparison of effects of iron excess and application of silicon on fluorescence of chlorophyll in shoot and developmental changes in root of rice seedlings. Ir. J. Plant Biol. 11: 41. 17-32.
  26. Mehta, P., Jajoo, A., Mathur, S. and Bharti, S. 2010. Chlorophyll a fluorescence study revealing effects of high salt stress on Photosystem II in wheat leaves. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 48: 1. 16-20.
  27. Mergom, M. and Maspherson, H.G. 2004. Triticale improvement and production. FAO Plant Prod. Protect. 11: 170-179.
  28. Mohammadkhani, N. and Heidari, R. 2007. Effect of drought stress on protective enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in two maize cultivars. Pak J Biol Sci. 10: 21. 3835-3840.
  29. Moussa, H.R. 2006. Influence of exogenous application of silicon on physiological response of salt-stressed maize (Zea mays). Int J Agric Biol. 8: 2. 293-297.
  30. Munoz, I.E., Garcia de Salamone, R., Aroca, J.M. and Ruiz Lozano, R.A. 2011. Azospirillum and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization enhance rice growth and physiological traits under well-watered and drought conditions. J. Plant Physiol. 168: 10. 1031-1037.
  31. Nabati, J., Kafi, M., Masoumi, A. and Mehrjerdi, M. 2013. Effect of salinity and silicon application on photosynthetic characteristics of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Int. J. Agric. Sci. 3: 4. 483-492.
  32. Naghashzadeh, M.R. 2014. Response of relative water content and cell membrane stability to mycorrhizal biofertilizer in Maize. Electron. J. Biol. 10: 3. 68-72.
  33. Naghavi, M.R., Toorchi, M., Moghaddam, M., and Shakiba, M.R. 2015. Evaluation of diversity and traits correlation in spring wheat cultivars under drought stress. Not. Sci. Biol. 7: 3. 349.
  34. Nolla, R.J.F., Korndörfer, G.H. and Silva, T.R.B. 2012. Effect of silicon on drought tolerance of upland rice. J Food Agric Environ. 10: 1. 269-272.
  35. Oftadeh Fadafen, A., Aminifard, M.H., Behdani, M.A., and Moradinezhad, F. 2018. Evaluation of nitroxin and vermicompost on quantitative characteristics and photosynthetic pigments of saffron (Crocus sativus). J. Saffron Res. 5: 2. 163-179. (In Persian)
  36. Piper, F.I., Corcuera, L.J., Alberdi, M. and Lusk, C. 2007. Differential photosynthetic and survival responses to soil drought in two evergreen Nothofagus species. Ann Forest Sci. 64: 4. 447-452.
  37. Rashtbari, M. and Alikhani, H.A. 2012. Effect and efficiency of municipal solid waste compost and vermicompost on morpho-physiological properties and yield of canola under drought stress conditions. J. Agric. Sci. Sustain. Prod. 22: 2. 113-127. (In Persian)
  38. Sajed Gollojeh, K., Khomari, S., Shekhzadeh, P., Sabaghnia, N. and Mohebodini, M. 2020. The effect of foliar spray of nano silicone and salicylic acid on physiological traits and seed yield of spring rapeseed at water limitation conditions. J. Crop Prod. 12: 4. 137-156. (In Persian)
  39. Scharf, P.C., Brouder, S.M. and Hoeft, R.G. 2006. Chlorophyll meter reading can predict nitrogen need and yield response of corn in the north-central USA. J. Agron. 98: 3. 655-665.
  40. Seyed Sharifi, R. and Khalilzadeh, R. 2018. Morphology andgrowth and development stages of crops. University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Press, Ardabil, Iran. 506 p. (In Persian)
  41. Seyed Sharifi, R. and Namvar, A., 2017. Bio fertilizers in Agronomy. University of Mohaghegh Ardebili Press, Ardebil, Iran. 280 p (In Persian)
  42. Shadkam, Z. and Mohajeri, F. 2019. The interaction between irrigation interval with manure and vermicompost on vegetative characteristics and yield of Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora). Quart. J. Plant Prod. 9: 1. 67-82. (In Persian)
  43. Shahsavan Markade, M. and Chamani, A. 2014. Effects of various concentrations and time of humic acid application on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cut stock flower (Matthiola incana ‘Hanza’). EJGCST. 5: 19. 157-170. (In Persian)
  44. Shi, Y., Wang, Y., Flowers, T.J. and Gong, H. 2013. Silicon decreases chloride transport in rice (Oryza sativa) in saline conditions. J. Plant Physiol. 170: 9. 847-853.
  45. Theunissen, J., Ndakidemi, P.A. and Laubscher, C.P. 2010. Potential of vermicompost produced from plant waste on the growth and nutrient status in vegetable production. Int. J. Phys. Sci. 5: 13. 1964-1973.
  46. Tripathi, D.K., Singh, S., Singh, V.P., Prasad, S.M., Chauhan, D.K. and Dubey, N.K. 2016. Silicon nanoparticles more efficiently alleviate arsenate toxicity than silicon in maize cultiver and hybrid differing in Arsenate tolerance. Front. Environ. Sci. 4: 46. 1-14.
  47. Zarea, M.J., Hajinia, S., Karimi, N., Mohammadi Goltapeh, E., Rejali, F. and Varma, A. 2012. Effect of Piriformospora indica and Azospirillum strains from saline or non-saline soil on mitigation of the effects of NaCl. Soil Biol. Biochem. 45: 139-146.
  48. Zlatev, Z.S. and Yordanov, I.T. 2004. Effects of soil drought on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in bean plants. Bulg. J. Plant Physiol. 30: 3-4. 3-18.
Journal of Crop Production
Volume 14, Issue 4
January 2022
Pages 21-45

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics