Optimization of cow manure and plant density in peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) as a medicinal plant using response surface methodolgy

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 MSc. student in Agroecology, Department of Agrotecnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran

2 Department of Agrotechnology, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

3 FUM

Abstract

Background and objectives: Optimization of fertilizer and plant density are management approaches to improve resources efficiency and decline environmental pollutions. Response surface methodology (RSM) is defined as a set of mathematical and statistical techniques that are used to develop, to improve or to optimize a product by using Central composite designs. In this work, optimization of cow manure and plant density on biomass yield and essential oil percentage of peppermint as a medicinal plant species using central composite design for RSM was evaluated.
Materials and methods: An experiment was conducted using central composite design with 13 treatments and two replications at the Research Field of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during the growing season of 2017-2018. The treatments were allocated based on low and high levels of plant density (10 and 15 plants.m-2, respectively) and cow manure (0 and 70 t.ha-1, respectively). Fresh weight of stem, dried weight of stem, fresh weight of leaves, fresh weight of leaves, total dried weight and essential oil percentage in two sampling times and two cuttings were measured as dependent variables and changes of these variables were evaluated by a regression model. Lack-of-fit test was used to evaluate the quality of the fitted model. The adequacy of the model was tested by analysis of variance. The full quadratic polynomial equation was tested to determine the significance of the model and the component of the model (linear, squared and first-order interaction terms) and the quality of the fitted model was judged using the determination coefficient (R2).
Results: The results showed that effect of linear and square components were significant on all studied characteristics in two sampling times. Interaction between the two factors of manure and plant density was significant on the studied traits only for the second sampling stage. Lack of fit had no significant effect on the studied traits. The full square model for the response variables gave insignificant lack-of-fit indicating that the data were satisfactorily explained. In the first and the second cuttings, R2 ranges for biomass yield and biomass yield+ essential oil were 70.39-84.62% and 27.36-63.06%, respectively. The highest observed and predicted values of biomass yield were recorded in 12.5 plants.m-2+ 35 t.ha-1 cow manure (755.13 g.m-2) and 15 plants.m-2+ 35 t.ha-1 cow manure (319.92 g.m-2), respectively. The mean yield of biomass yield in the second cutting was higher than the first cutting. Optimum levels of plant density and cow manure and desirability for biomass yield were calculated with 10 plants.m-2+23 t.ha-1 and d= 0.94 and the parameters for biomass yield, and essential oil percentage were with 10 plants.m-2, 49 t.ha-1 and d= 0.96, respectively.
Conclusion: In general, it seems that resource use optimization using RSM may be suitable cropping approach for sustainable production of medicinal plants in agroecosystems.

Keywords

References

  1. Arabaci, O., and Bayram, E. 2004. The effect of nitrogen fertilization and different plant densities on some agronomic and technologic characteristic of basil (Ocimum basilicum). J. Agron. 3: 4. 255-256.
  2. Arun, K.S. 2002. A handbook of organic farming publication. Agrobios, India.
  3. Aslan, N. 2007. Application of response surface methodology and central composite rotatable design for modeling the influence of some operating variables of a multi-gravity separator for chromite concentration. Powder Technol. 86: 769-776.
  4. Awad, A.E., and Kamel, A.E. 2009. Effect of spacing treatments on the growth and oil yield of Majorana hortensis, Zagazing. Agric. Res. 4: 3. 109-120.
  5. Ayyobi, H., Olfati, J.A., and Peyvast, G.A. 2014. The effects of cow manure vermicompost and municipal solid waste compost on peppermint (Mentha piperita) in Torbat-e-Jam and Rasht regions of Iran. Int. J. Recy. Org. Waste Agric. 3: 4. 147-153.
  6. Badlizadeh, A., Rafiei al-Hosseini, M., Danesh Shahraki, A.R., and Ghobadinia, M. 2016. Effect of dehydration and different levels of manure, chemical and synthetic fertilizers on yield and some agromorphological traits of medicinal herb. J. Agric. Res. 18: 1. 141-156. (In Persian)
  7. Box, G.E.P., and Hunter, J.S. 1957. Multi-factor experimental designs for exploring response surfaces. Inst. Math. Stat. 195-241.
  8. Brussard, L., and Ferrera-Cenato, R. 1997. Soil Ecology in Sustainable Agricultural Systems. New York: Lewis Publishers, U.S.A, 168 p.
  9. De La Luz, L., Fiallo, V., and Ferrada, C.R. 2002. Effect of plant density levels and harvesting management on quality of essential oil in peppermint cultivars. Indian Perf. 33: 3. 182-196.
  10. Dears, S.G., and Ritchie, G. 2010. Antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils. Int. J. Microbiol. 5: 165-180.
  11. Deng, J., Ran, J., Wang, Z., Fan, Z., Wang, G., Ji, M., Liu, J., Wang, Y., Liu, J., and Brown, J.H. 2012. Models and tests of optimal density and maximal yield for crop plants. PNAS. 109: 39. 15823-15828.
  12. Drazic, S., and Pavlovic, S. 2005. Effect of vegetation space on productive traits of peppermint (Mentha piperita). J. Hort. Sci. Biotechnol. 76: 1. 52-54.
  13. Dursun, A., Guvenc, I., and Turan, M. 2002. Effects of different levels of humic acid on seedling growth and macro and micronutrient contents of tomato and eggplant. Acta Agrobot. 56: 2. 81-88.
  14. EI-Gendy, H. 2001. Sweet basil productivity under different organic fertilization and interplant spacing levels in a newly reclaimed landing Egypt. Herba Pol. 52: 22-30.
  15. Gezahegn, A.M., Tesfaye, K., Sharma, J.J., and Belel, M.D. 2016. Determination of optimum plant density for faba bean (Vicia faba) on vertisols at Haramaya, Eastern Ethiopia. Soil Crop Sci. 2: 1224485.
  16. Hashemi, D.A., and Herbert, S.J. 1992. Intensifying plant density response of corn with artificial shade. Agron. J. 84: 547-551.
  17. Hornok, L. 2006. Effect of different rate of nitrogen on Mentha piperita Agric. Res. 55: 5. 119-130.
  18. Izadi, Z., Ahmadvand, G., Esna-Ashari, M., and Piri, K. 2007. Effect of nitrogen and plant density on dry matter yield and essential oil in peppermint (Mentha piperita) Agric. Res. (Water, Soil Plant Agric.) 7: 4. 211-224. (In Persian)
  19. Kamkar, B., and Mahdavi Damghani, A.M. 2008. Principles of Sustainable Agriculture. Publications University of Mashhad. (In Persian)
  20. Khorramdel, S., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Hooshmand, M., and Benhangi, F. 2006. Effect levels different com manure and plant density of yield and grain yield components, leaf of indigo. J. Crop Prod. Res. 23: 4. 117-143. (In Persian).
  21. Kumar, A., Samarth, R.M., and Yasmeen, S. 2004. Anticancer and radioprotective potentials of Mentha piperita BioFactors. 22: 1-4. 87-91.
  22. Latifi, H. 2017. Optimization of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density in sesame cultivation using central composite design. Master Thesis in Agroecology. School of Agriculture. Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding. Mashhad Ferdowsi University. (In Persian)
  23. Lewis, K. Peppermint and spearmint. The Oxford Review, P 1-6.
  24. Mansoori, H., Banayan avall, M., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., and Lakziyan, A. 2014. Management of nitrogen fertilization, irrigation and planting density in Iranian shallot medicinal plant using central combined optimization method. Agric. Knowl. Sustain. Prod. 41: 24-60. (In Persian)
  25. Mansouri, A.D. 2014 a. Investigation of planting distance and foliar application of micronutrients on yield and some morphological traits of peppermint. J. Agric. Agron. 16: 1. 43-54. (In Persian)
  26. Nassiri Mahallati, M., Koocheki, A., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., and Beheshti, A. 2001. Agroecology. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Publications. (In Persian)
  27. NassiriMahallati, M., Koocheki, A., Amin Ghafouri, A., and Mahluji Rad, M. 2015. Optimizing corm size and density in saffron (Crocus sativus) cultivation by central composite design. J. Saffron Agron. Technol 3: 3. 161-177. (In Persian)
  28. Niakan, M., Khavarinejhad, R., and Rezai, M.B. 2004. Effect of different ratios of three fertilizers N, P and K on vegetative traits of peppermint. Iran. J. Med. Aromat. Plant. 20: 2. 131-148. (In Persian)
  29. Omidbigi, R. 2005. Production and Processing Approaches of Medicinal Plants. Volume One, Thought Publications, 215 p. (In Persian)
  30. Rezainejhad, Y., and Afuni, M. 2000. Effect of organic matter on soil chemical properties, elements absorption by Maize and its yield. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. 4: 19-27.
  31. Scheffer, M.C., Ronzelli Junior, P., and Koehler, H.S. 1993. Influence of organic fertilization on the biomass, yield and composition of the essential oil of Achillea millefolium Acta Hortic. 331: 109-114.
  32. Singh, M., Singh, A., Singh, S., Tripathi, R.S., Singh, A.K., and Patra, D.D. 2010. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.) as a green manure to improve the productivity of a menthol mint (Mentha arvensis L.) intercropping system. Ind. Crop Prod. 31: 289-293.
  33. Tharp, B.E., and Kells, J. 2001. Effect of glufosinate-resistant corn (Zea mays) population and row spacing on light interception, corn yield, and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) growth. Weed Technol. 15:413-418.
  34. Weeden, B.R. 2000. Potential of sugar beet, atherton Table and rural industries research and development corporation. Barton, A.C.T.: RIRDC, c 2000, Publish, No. 167.
  35. Wu, C.F.J., and Hamada, M. 2000. Experiments: Planning, Analysis and Parameter Design Optimization. New York, NY: Wiley.
Journal of Crop Production
Volume 14, Issue 2
September 2021
Pages 33-50

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics