Effects of flooding stress in two tillering and stem elongation stages on grain yield and its components in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. student of gorgan university of agricultural and natural recorses

2 professor, Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources

3 Assistant professor, Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources

Abstract

Background and objectives: Approximately 10% of the world's land is affected by flooding. Almost all crops, including wheat, are not tolerable to flooding stress. The occurrence of flooding stress in wheat has limited root growth, decreased dry matter accumulation, aging of the leaves before puberty, decreased tillering, production of insect florets, decreased hight, number of spikes and number of grain per spike, decreased biologicall yield, reduced 1000 grain weight and ultimately reduced grain yield. Accordingly, this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of flooding on grain yield and its components during tillering and stemming of wheat in two Morvarid and Koohdasht cultivars.
Materials and methods: To conduct this research, a pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with factorial arrangement in Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2016. The experimental treatments consisted of the duration of stress period at five levels (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 days) as the first factor, the time of flooding based on developmental stages (tillering and stemming) as the second factor, and the cultivars (Morvarid and Koohdasht) were considered as the third factor. In order to apply flood stress, the pots for each treatment were placed inside a pond filled by water, so that up to 2 cm from the stems were underwater. After applying stress treatments, traits such as leaf area, number of spikes per plant, number of seeds per spike, 1000 grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index were measured. Also, linear and nonlinear functions were used to describe the relationships between measured traits and flood duration.
Results: The results of this study showed that the damages of flood stress in wheat depend on the time of plant placement under stress, the developmental stage where the stress coincides with it, and the type of cultivar used. In this study, characteristics such as leaf area, number of spikes per plant, number of grain per spike, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index were significantly decreased by increasing the duration of flooding. The changes in some of the traits such as leaf area in Koohdasht cultivar, number of grain per spike in both cultivars, 1000 grain weight in Morvarid cultivar, and biological yield in both cultivars, followed by a segmented curve. So that in the first stages, Despite the increasing duration of flooding, each of these traits was fixed and unchanged, but, its value was linearly decreased by increasing duration of flooding to more than a certain limit for each trait. In other cases, the traits were reduced linearly from the beginning by increasing the duration of flooding. On the other hand, the number of grain per spike, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index in Kohdasht cultivar were always higher than Morvarid cultivars in different flooding treatments. Also, the highest flooding damage to leaf area, number of grain per spike, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and biological yield occurred when stress was applied at the stemming stage.
Conclusion: In general, flooding stress played a very important role in reducing wheat grain yield. In this regard, the length of stress period was the most important factor affecting the yield. The developmental stage and cultivar were ranked second and third in terms of importance, respectively. Therefore, due to the susceptibility of Golestan Province to flooding stress during tillering and stemming of wheat, it is very necessary to take the contraption to prevent of flooding in the fields and thereby prevent of yield losses.

Keywords

References

  1. Akhtar, I., and Nazir, N. 2013. Effect of Waterlogging and Drought Stress in Plants. Intern J. Water Res. Env. Sci. 2: 2. 34-40.
  2. Amri, M., Elouni, M.H., and Salem, M.B. 2014. Waterlogging affect the development, yield and components, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence of six bread wheat genotyoes (Triticum aestivum). Bulgar J. Agri. Sci. 20: 3. 647-657.
  3. Aroca, R., Porcel, R., and Ruiz-Lozano, J.M. 2012. Regulation of root water uptake under abiotic stress conditions. J. Bot. 63: 1. 43-57.
  4. Bailey-Serres, J., Fukao, T., Gibbs, D., Holdsworth, M.J., Lee, S.C., Licausi, F., Perata, P., Voesenek, L.A.C.J., and van Dongen, J.T. 2012. Making sense of low oxygen sensing. Trends Plant Sci. 17: 3. 129-138.
  5. Bakhtenko,Y., Skorbogatova, I.V., and Karsunkina, N.P. 2007. The role of hormonal balance in plant adaption to flooding. Izv Akad Nauk Ser. Biol. 34: 6. 569-576.
  6. Collaku,, and Harrison, S.A. 2002. Losses in wheat due to waterlogging. Crop Sci. 42: 2. 444-450.
  7. Condon, A.G., and Giunta, F. 2003. Yield response of restricted tillering wheat to transient waterlogging on duplex soil. Aust. J. Agri. Res. 54: 10. 957-967.
  8. Dat, J., Capelli, N., Folzer, H., Bourgeade, P., and Badot,M. 2004. Sensing and signaling during plant flooding. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 42: 4. 273-282.
  9. Dickin, E., and Wright, D. The effects of winter waterlogging and summer drought on the growth and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Eur. J. Agron. 28: 3. 234-244.
  10. Dickin, E., Bennet, S., and Wright, D. Growth and yield responses of UK wheat cultivars to winter waterlogging. J. Agri. Sci. 147: 2. 127-140.
  11. Emel’yanov,V., Kirchikhina, N.A., Lastochkin, V.V., and Chirkova,T.V. 2003. Hormonal status in wheat and rice seedlings under anoxia. Russ J. Plant Physiol. 50: 827-834.
  12. Ghobadi, M.E., Nadian, H., Bakhshandeh, A., Fathi, G., Gharineh, M.H., and Ghobadi, M. 2006. Study of root growth, biological yield and grain yield of wheat genotypes under waterlogging stress during different growth stages. Seed Plant Improv. J. 22: 4. 513-527. (In Persian)
  13. Gupta, K.J., Stoimenova, M., and Kaiser, W.M. In higher plants, only root mitochondria, but not leaf mitochondria reduce nitrite to NO, in vitro and in situ. J. Exp Bot. 56: 420. 2601-2609.
  14. Hossain, A., and Uddin, S.N. 2011. Mechanisms of waterlogging tolerance in wheat: Morphological and metabolic adaptations under hypoxia or anoxia. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 5: 9. 1094-1101.
  15. Jackson,B., and Colmer, T.D. 2005. Response and adaptation by plants to flooding stress. Ann. Bot. 96: 4. 501-505.
  16. Kafi, M., Borzoee, A., Salehi, M., Kamandi, A., Masoumi, A., and Nabati, J. 2010. Physiology of environmental stresses in plants. JDM Press, 504 p.  (In Persian)
  17. Khadempir, M., Galeshi, S., Soltani, A., Ghaderifar, F., and Mazlum, M. Effect of temperature and flooding on growth and physiological activities of canola seedling. Crop Physiol. J. 6: 22. 69-88. (In Persian)
  18. Khadempir, M., Galeshi, S., Soltani, A., and Ghaderifar, F. 2015. Effect of flooding in the reproductive stage and fertilization methods on growth and biological nitrogen fixation in soybeans. J. Plant Ecophysiol. 7: 23. 45-63. (In Persian)
  19. Komatsu,, Kobayashi, Y., Nishizawa, K., Nanjo, Y., and Furukawa, K. 2010. Comparative proteomics analysis of differentially expressed proteins in soybean cell wall during flooding stress. Amino Acids. 39: 5. 1435-1449.
  20. Malik, A.I., Colmer, T.D., Lambers, H., Setter, T.L., and Schortemeyer, M. 2002. Short-term waterlogging has long-term effects on the growth and physiology of wheat. New Phytol. 153: 2. 225–236.
  21. Marashi, k. 2014. A comparative study of grain yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in response to waterlogging condition. J. Biodiv. Env Sci. 5: 3. 347-353.
  22. Maryam,, and Nasreen, S. 2012. A review: water logging effects on morphological, anatomical, physiological and biochemical attributes of food and cash crops. Int. J. Water Res. Env Sci. 1: 4. 113-120.
  23. McDonald, G., Setter, T.L.,Waters, I., and Tugwell, R. 2006. Screening for waterlogging tolerance of wheat in the field in Western Australia. Proceedings of the 13th Australian Society of Agronomy Conference, 10-14 September, Perth, Western Australia.
  24. Olgun, M.A., Kumlaly, M., Adiguzel, M.C., and Caglar, A. 2008. The effect of waterlogging in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Acta Agri Scan. 58: 3. 193-198.
  25. Oyanagi, A. 2008. Relationship of growth variability, with ground level and soil water content in a large paddy field in Inashiki-city, Ibaraki-prefecture in 2007-Wet injury of wheat. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 77: 4. 511-515.
  26. Pociecha, E., Janusz, K., and Filek, W. 2008. Effects of root flooding and stage of development on the growth and photosynthesis of field bean (Vicia faba minor). Acta Physiol. Planta, 30: 4. 529-535.
  27. Prasad, M.N.V. 1997. Plant ecophysiology. John Wil. Son. ISBN: 0-471-13157-1. 153-171 p.
  28. Rasaei, A., Ghobadi, M.E., Jalali-Honarmand, S., Ghobadi, M., and Saeidi, M. Impacts of waterlogging on shoot apex development and recovery effects of nitrogen on grain yield of wheat. Eur. J. Exp Biol. 2: 4. 1000-1007.
  29. S.F. 2012. Effect of flooding stress on physiological characteristics, yield and yield Components of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). M.Sc. Thesis. Gorgan Univ. of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources. (In Persian)
  30. Robertson, D., Zhang, H., Palta, J., Colmer, T., and Turner, N.C. 2009. Waterlogging affects the growth, development of tillers, and yield of wheat through a severe, but transient, N deficiency. Crop. Past. Sci. 60: 6. 578-586.
  31. RoCha,, and Licausi, F. 2010. Glycolysis and ticarboxylic are linked by alanine aminotransferase during hypoxia induced by waterlogging of lotus Japanicus L. Plant physiol. 152: 3. 1501-1513.
  32. Salamati, N., Galeshi, S., Soltani, A., and Sadeghipour, H.R. 2012. Waterlogging period duration and temperature effects on vegetative properties and glycolytic-fermentative enzymes activity in cotton seedling (Gossypium hirsutum). Electronic J. Plant Prod. 5: 3. 145-156. (In Persian)
  33. Samad, A., Meisner, C.A., Saifuzzaman, M., and Van Ginkel, M. 2001. Waterlogging tolerance. P 136-144. In: M.P. Reynolds, J.I. Ortiz-Monasterio and M.Sc. Nab (eds), Application of physiology in wheat breeding. CIMMYT- Mexico.
  34. Setter, T.L., and Waters, I. 2003. Review of prospects for germplasm improvement for waterlogging tolerance in wheat, barley and oats. Plant. Soil. 253: 1. 1-34.
  35. Sheikh, F., Arabi, M.K., Soghi, H., Bazi, M.T., and Abroudi, A.M. 2008. The effect of water logging stress at filling stage on yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Electronic J.  Plant Prod. 1: 1. 38-53. (In Persian)
  36. Shimamura, S., Mochizuki, T., Nada, Y., and Fukuyama, M. 2003. Formation and function of secondary aerenchyma in hypocotyl, roots and nodules of soybean (Glycine max) under flooded conditions. Plant. Soil. 251: 351-359.
  37. Striker, G.G. Flooding stress on plants: anatomical, morphological and physiological responses, botany, J. Mworia (eds.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0355-4.
  38. Taliao,, and Holin, C. 2001. Physiological adaptation of crop plants to flooding stress. Proc. Natl. Sci. Counc. 25: 3. 148-157.
  39. Tiryakioglu, M., Karanlik, S., and Arsalan, M. 2015. Response of bread-wheat seedlings to waterlogging stress. Turk J. Agri. Forest. 39: 1-9.
  40. Xiao, Y.P., Wei, K., Chen, J.X., Zhou, M., and Zhang, G.P. 2007. Genotypic difference in growth inhibition and yield loss in barley under waterlogging stress. J. Zhejiang Univ. (Agri. Life. Sci.). 33: 525-532.

 Zhang, H., Turner, N.C., Poole, M.L., and Simpson, N. 2006. Crop production in the high rainfall zones of southern Australia - potential, constraints and opportunities. Aust. J. Exp. Agri. 46: 8. 

Journal of Crop Production
Volume 13, Issue 2
September 2020
Pages 1-16

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics