The effect of different barley (Hordeum vulgare) and hairyvetch (Vicia villosa dasycarpa) intercropping planting ratio and phosphorus fertilizer on LER index, dry matter production and forage quality

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Msc student in agroecology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.

2 Professor, Agronomy & Plant Breeding Department, Agriculture Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Intercropping is the planting of more than one plant in one land and growing season so that the plants should be the highest intimacy together in most growing season. It may be have the different planting and harvest time. Biodiversity in agricultural system caused to modifying the pest and diseases populations, also, it could be improved nutrient cycle and soil conservation via activation of soil microorganisms that caused to increasing in Soil stability, soil erosion control and increasing in carbon sequestration. The intercropping of a cereal with a legume is a preferred system for achieving increased food supply and reduced environmental feedback. So that, one of the way to achieving to sustainability in agriculture is multiple and intercropping system. The goals of recent study is the effect of barley-hairy vetch intercropping in LER and dry matter quality and production.
Material and Methods
In order to study the competition ability of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) intercropping planting ratio under phosphorus fertilizer on narrow and broad leaf weed dry matter and density a field experiment was conducted in experimental farm of Agricultural Faculty of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz at 2016-2017 growing season. Experimental design was randomized complete block as a factorial arrangement with three replications. The first factor was 8 planting patterns includes barley sole cropping, hairy vetch sole cropping, hairy vetch-barley intercropping ratios includes 50:50, 25:75, 75:25, as replacement series, 100% barley+10%, 20% and 30% hairy vetch as additive series and mixed intercropping. The second factor was two phosphorus fertilizer application includes 150 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer and 75 kg/ha triple superphosphate+ biological fertilizer (Barwar2).
Grain yield was determined by harvesting a 2 m2 area from each plot. The measured traits includes: crude protein (CP), water soluble carbohydrate(WSC), ash percent, dry matter digestible(DMD), acid detergent fiber(ADF), Neutral detergent fiber(NDF), Intercropping dry matter yield, barley relative yield, fenugreek relative yield, and land equivalent ratio(LER). The plant density for barley and hairy vetch were 375 and 250 plant/m2 respectively. The harvest operation achieved at April in barley dough stage.


Results and Discussions
The results of showed the highest total dry matter (1074 gr/m2) and LER (1.2) was obtained at 100%barley+30% hairy vetch additive method. The highest crude protein, dry mater digestible (DMD) and ash percent were observed at hairy vetch sole cropping treatment. The highest water soluble carbohydrate, NDF and fiber were found at 100%barley+30% hairy vetch additive method. Biological phosphorus fertilizer+ 75 kg/ha P had the highest CP, DMD, ASH and NDF. But in WSC, CF and ADF, chemical fertilizer was the best treatment.
Conclusion
The results showed that with increasing in hairy vetch ratio in intercropping, the crude protein was increased. The barley sole cropping had the lowest crude protein. The comparison of different planting pattern showed that with increasing in barley ratio and decreasing in hairy vetch ratio, WSC, NDF, ADF and CF was increased. Also with increasing in hairy vetch ratio, DMD, ASH and CP was increased. Totally the results revealed that the hairy vetch in intercropping caused to increase in total forage yield and quality.

Keywords

Main Subjects


1. Ajit, N.S., Verma, R., and Shanmugan,
V. 2006. Extracellular chitinas of
Pseudomonase fluorescens antifungal to
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianti causing
carnation wilt. Current. Microbiol.,
52:310-316.
2. Ayneband, A. 2014. Ecology of
Agricultural Systems. Shahid Chamran
University Press. Ahvaz, Iran. 410p. (In
Persian).
3. Chen, C., Westcott, M., Nrill, K.,
Wichman, D., and Knox, M. 2004. Row
configuration and nitrogen application
for barley–pea intercropping in
Montana. Agron. J., 96: 1730-1738.
4. Dahmardeh, M., Ghanbari, A., Siahsar,
B.A., Ramrodi, M. 2011. Evaluation of
forage yield and protein content of
maize and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata
L.) intercropping. Iran. J. Crop. Sci., 13
(4): 658-670.
5. Defreitas, J.R., Banerjee, M.R., and
Germida, J.J. 1997. Phosphatesolubilizing
rhizobacteria enhance the
growth and yield but not phosphorus
uptake of canola (Brassica napus L.).
Biol. and Fertil. Soils., 24: 358–364.
6. Defreitas, J.R., 2000. Yield and
assimilation of winter wheat (Triticum
aestivum L., var Norstar) inoculated
with Rhizobacteria. Pedobiol., 44: 97–
104.
7. Haj- Ayed, M., Gonzalez, J., Caballero,
R., and Alvir, M.R. 2000. Nutritive of
on-farm common vetch-oat hays. II.
Ruminal degradation of dry matter and
crude protein. Ann. Zootech., 49: 391-
398.
8. Khan, A.A., Jilani, G., Akhtar, M.S.,
Saqlan Naqvi, S.M., and Rasheed, M.
2009. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria:
Occurrence, mechanisms and their role
in crop production. J. Agri. Sci.,
1(1):48-58.
9. Kopsell, D.E., and Randle, W.M. 1997.
Onion cultivars different in pungency
and bulb quality changes during storage.
Hort. Sci., 32: 1260-1263.
10. Lithourgidis, A. S., Vasikoglou, I. B.,
Dhima, K.V., Dordas, C.A., and
Yiakoulaki, M.D. 2011. Forage yield
and quality of common vetch mixtures
with oat and triticale in two seeding
ratios. Field. Crops. Res., 99: 106 – 113.
11. Lithourgidis, A.S., Dahima, K.V.,
Vasilakoglou I.B., and Yiakoulaki, M.D.
2007. Mixtures of cereals and commom
vetch for forage production and their
competition with weed. In: Proceeding
of 10 Conference genetics and Plant
Breeding Society of Greece. Athens.
Field. Crops. Res., 245-256.
12. Louw, H.A., and Webley, D.M. 1995. A
study of soil bacteria dissolving certain
phosphate fertilizers and related
compounds. J. Appl. Bacteriol., 22: 227-
233.
13. Mayer, D.M. 2000. Pyoverdins:
Pigments siderophores and potential
taxonomic markers of Pseudomonas
fluorescent Species. Archives. of
Microbiol., 174: 135-142.
14. Mohsenabadi, Gh.R., Jahansooz, M.R.,
Chaichi, M.R., and Rahimian mashhadi,
H. 2008. Evaluation of Barley- Vetch
Intercrop at Different Nitrogen Rates. J.
Agric. Sci. Techno., 10: 23-31.
15. Nakhzari Moghaddam, A., Chaeechi,
M.R., Mazaheri, D., Rahimian
Mashhadi, H., Majnoon Hosseini, N.,
and Noori Nia, A.A. 2009. The effect of
corn (Zea mays) and green gram (Vigna
radiata) intercropping on yield, LER
and some quality characteristics of
forage. Iran. J. Field Crops. Sci., 40(4):
113-121. (In Persian).
16. Nnadi, L.A. and Haque, I. 2008. Forage
legume-cereal systems: improvement of
soil fertility and agricultural production
with special reference to sub-saharan
Africa. ILCA, P.O. Box 5689, Addis
Ababa, Entiopia. From
www.foa.org/Wairdocs/ILRI/x5488E/x5
488eo.
17. Noorbakhsh, F., Koocheki, A., and
Nasirimahalati, M. 2017. Evaluation of
Species diversity effect on some of
agroecosystem services in the
intercropping of corn, soybean and
marshmallow 2- Yield, Land equivalent
ratio, soil microbial respiration and
biomass, carbon sequestration potential.
Electronic. J. Crop. Prod., 9(1):49-68.(In
Persian)
18. Osman, A.E., and Nersoyan, N. 2005.
Effect of the proportion of series on the
yield and quality of forage mixture, and
on the yield of barley in the following
year. Experimental. Agri., 22: 345-351.
19. Patten, C.L., and Glick, B.R. 1996.
Bacterial biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic
acid. Canadian. J. of Microbiol., 42:
207-220.
20. Sadr Abadi Haghighi, R., and Koocheki,
A. 2003. Cultivation of mixed wheat and
cluster pickles with supplementary
irrigation in a low-level dairy system. J.
of Agric. Sci., 9(2): 105-118. (In
Persian)
21. Schippers, B., Bakker, A.W., Bakker,
P.A., and Vanpeer, R. 1990. Beneficial
and deleterious of HCN production
Pseudomonas on rhizosphere
interaction. Plant. Soil., 129:75-83.
22. Schroder, S., Begemann, F., and Harrer,
S. 2007. Agrobiodiversity monitoring–
documentation at European level. J. für.
Verbrauch. und Lebensmitt., 2(1): 29-
32.
23. Seyedi, M., Hamzei, J., Ahmadvand, G.,
and Abutalebian, M.A. 2012. The
Evaluation of Weed Suppression and
Crop Production in Barley-Chickpea
intercrop. J. Agric. Sci. Sustain. Prod.,
9(1):49-68.(In Persian).
24. Suresh, A., Pallavi, P., Srinivas, P.,
Praveen Kumar, V., Chandra, S.J., and
Ram Reddy, S. 2010. Plant growth
promoting activities of Pseudomonads
fluorescence associated with some crop
plants. African J. of Microbiol. Res.,
4(14): 1491-1494.
25. Tang, X., Bernard, L., Brauman, A.,
Daufresne, T., Deleporte, P., Desclaux,
D., and Hinsinger, P. 2014. Increase in
microbial biomass and phosphorus
availability in the rhizosphere of
intercropped cereal and legumes under
field conditions. Soil Biol.
Biochem., 75: 86-93.
26. Titterton, M., and Bareeba, F.B. 2008.
Grass and legume silages in the tropics –
Mixing Legumes with Cereal Crops.
The Feasibility of Successful Ensilage
of Tropical Grasses and Legumes.
Electronic Conference on Tropical
Silage, Rome, Italy.
27. Toreifi, S.H., Fateh, E., and Aynehband,
A. 2018. Effect of different barley
(Hordeum vulgare) and fenugreek
(Trigonella foenum- graecum)
intercropping planting ratio and nitrogen
fertilizer on dry matter quality and
quantity. J. Crop. Prod., 11(1):23-35.