Effect of Mulch and Selenium and Boron Foliar Spraying on Some Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Saline Soil

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Graduated Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Khuzestan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Khuzestan, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Khuzestan, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Khuzestan, Iran.

Abstract

Background and objectives: Iran has a large surface area of saline soil and in this condition of saline soil, crop production is involved with a lot of problems including deficiency of some nutritional elements and outcome of this problems is decreasing of quantitative and qualitative yield. For this purpose, in saline soil conditions, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar spraying of selenium and boron elements, and mulches application of wheat straw and cow manure on some of sunflower properties.
Materials and methods: In order to evaluate the possibility of increasing the quantitative and qualitative yield of the product in saline soil conditions (At a depth of 0 to 60 cm, with an average electrical conductivity of 8.68 dS.m-1, pH of 7.85 and silty clay soil texture) a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted on sunflower (Ghasem hybrid) in Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2016. Treatments was included, three mulches (no application, wheat stubble 15 ton.ha-1 and cow manure 30 ton.ha-1), foliar spraying of selenium in the form of sodium selenite (no application, 17 and 34 mg.l-1) and boron foliar spraying in the form of boric acid (no application and 400 mg.l-1). Irrigation was done in a furrow. The traits that were studied included: seed yield, oil yield, seed protein percentage, selenium and boron content of seed, oil harvest index, seed harvest index, biological yield, number of seeds per capitulum and 1000-seed weight.
Results: The application of mulch, especially wheat mulch, in comparison with non-application of mulch, had a positive effect on most of the studied traits. The use of selenium significantly increased the content of selenium seed compared to its non-application so that the highest and lowest selenium seed content were observed in high (0.14 ppm) and low (0.12 ppm) levels of selenium foliar spraying treatments respectively. The main effect of boron foliar application were not significant on the studied traits, but its triple interaction with selenium foliar spraying and mulch on important traits such as seed yield, oil yield and harvest index were significant. Application of selenium significantly reduced the weight of 1000 seeds, so that the highest 1000-seed weight was obtained from the non-use of selenium (55.50 grams) and by increasing the concentration of selenium foliar spraying solution, 1000 seed weight (50.55 grams) decreased. The interaction effect of selenium and boron foliar spraying on seed number per capitulum was significant so that the lowest number of seeds per capitulum (1293) was obtained from non-use of selenium and boron which averaged more than 100 seeds less than other treatment compounds. The highest seed yield (6431 kg.ha-1) and oil yield (2529 kg.ha-1) showed in boron foliar spraying × wheat straw. Treatments had no significant effect on seed oil percentage (with mean of 35.78 %). The highest protein content (25/46 %) was obtained from treatment of wheat straw.
Conclusion: Overall, in this experiment, non-selenium foliar spraying (17 mg.l-1) × boron foliar spraying (400 mg.l-1) × wheat straw mulch application had the best quantity and quality yield. According to the results obtained in saline soil conditions, the beneficial effects of wheat stubble mulch (significant increase in harvest index, number of seeds per head, grain yield and seed protein percentage compared to non- application) was more than expectation. However, suitable selenium concentration (17 mg.l-1) had beneficial effects but the higher level of selenium foliar application (34 mg.l-1) had a negative effect on quantitative and qualitative yield.
Keywords: Oil harvest index, Oil plant, Plant nutrition, Wheat stubble mulch

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1. Agele, S.O., Olaore, J.B., and Akinbode, F.A. 2010. Effect of some mulch materials on soil physical properties, growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.). Adv. Environ. Biol., 4: 3.368-375.
2. Al-Amery, M.M., Hamza, J.H., and Fuller, M.P. 2011. Effect of boron foliar application on reproductive growth of sunflower (Heliantus annuus L.). Intl. J. Agron., 1: 1-5.
3. AOCS, 1993. Official methods and recommended practices of the american oil chemists society, 5thend, Ba 6-48. The American Oil Chemists Society, Champaign.
4. Barmaki, Y., Jalili, F., Eivazi, A., and Rezaei, A.R. 2010. Effect of foliar application of zink, iron and boron on yield and quality of two cultivars of sunflower oil. J. Res. Crop Sci., 2: 6.13-26. (In Persian)
5. Brighenti, A.M., and Castro, C. 2008. Boron foliar application on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) associated with herbicides. Helia., 48: 31.127-136.
6. Broadley, M.R., Alcock, J., Alford, J., Cartwright, P., Foot, I., Fairweather-Tait, S.J., Hart, D.J., Hurst, R., Knott, P., McGrath, S.P., Meacham, M.C., Norman, K., Mowat, H., Scott, P., Stroud, J.L., Tovey, M., Tucker, M., White, P.J., Young, S.D., and Zhao, F.J. 2010. Selenium biofortification of high-yielding winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by liquid or granular Se fertilisation. Plant Soil., 332: 5-18.
7. Chaves, L.H.G., Mesquita, E.F., Ferreira, D.S., and Sobrinho, S.O.M.M. 2017. Organic matter, irrigation and soil mulching in the nutritional status and production of okra. Chem. Eng. Trans., 58: 703-708.
8. Dadnia, M.R., Habib, D., Nourmohamad, G., and Rdakani, M.R. 2008. Antioxidative response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) varieties under water deficit and selenium foliar application. Crop Res., 35: 3.195-200.
9. Djanaguiraman, M., Devi, D.D., Shanker, A.K., Sheeba, J.A., and Bangarusamy, U. 2005. Selenium an antioxidative protectant in soybean during senescence. Plant Soil., 272: 77-86.
10. Filho, F.C.F.M., Mesquita, E.F., Guerra, H.O.C., Moura, M.F., and Chaves, L.H.G. 2013. Effect of cattle manure on sunflower production and water use in two types of soil. Rev. Ceres., 60: 3.397-405.
11. Gonzales, J., Mancuso, N., and Luduena, P. 2013. Sunflower yield and climatic variables. Helia., 36: 58.69-76.
12. Grotheer, E.W. 1979. Spectrophotometric determination of boric acid in boron powder with curcumin. Ann. chem., 51: 14. 2042-2043.
13. Gupta, M., and Gupta, S. 2016. An Overview of Selenium Uptake, Metabolism, and Toxicity in Plants. Front. Plant Sci., 7: 2074. 14. Hoffmann, G. 1991. Die untersuchung von boden. handbuch der landwirtschaftlichen versuchs und untersuchungsmethodik (Methodenbuch), 1: VDLUFA-Verlag, Darmstadt.
15. Irannejad, H., Ghannadha, M., and Nejad Mohammad Namghi, A.R. 2002. A comparison of the polyethylene and organic mulch effect on the yield of cotton. . Iran. J. Agric. Sci., 33: 1.179-186. (In Persian)
16. Kopsell, D.A., Sams, C.E., Barickman, T.C., and Deyton, D.E. 2009. Selenization of basil and cilantro through foliar applications of selenate-
selenium and selenite-selenium. Hortic. Sci., 44(2): 438–442.
17. Limon-Ortega, A., Govaerts, B., and Sayre, K.D. 2008. Straw management, crop rotation, and nitrogen source effect on wheat grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Eur. J. Agron., 29: 1.21–28.
18. Malakouti, M.J., and Tehrani, M.M. 2005. Effects of micronutrients on the Yield and Quality of Agricultural Products (micro nutrients with macro effects). Tarbiat Modares University publication. Press, 328p.
19. Malhi, S.S., Raza, M., Schoenau, J.J., Mermut, A.R., Kutcher, R., Johnson, A.M., and Gill, K.S. 2003. Feasibility of boron fertilization for yield, seed quality and B uptake of canola in northeastern Saskatchewan. Can. J. Soil Sci., 83: 99-108.
20. Mekki B. 2015. Effect of boron foliar application on yield and quality of some sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars. J. Agri. Sci. Technol., 5: 5.309-316.
21. Najafi, N., Mostafaei, M., Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab, A., and Oustan, Sh. 2013. Effect of intercropping and farmyard manure on the growth, yield and protein concentration of corn, Bean and Bitter Vetch. J. Agr. Sci. Sustain. Prod., 23: 1.99-115.
22. Nwosisi S., Nandwani D., and Pokharel B. 2017. Yield performance of organic sweetpotato varieties in various mulches. Hortic., 3: 3.48.
23. Ozgul, G. 2005. Interactive effect of nitrogen and boron on cotton yield and fiber quality. Turk. J. Agric. For., 29: 51-59.
24. Rains, W.D., and Goyal, S.S. 2003. Crop production in saline environments: global and integrative perspectives. In: Goyal, S.S., Sharma, S.K., Rains, W.D. (eds.), Strategies for Managing Crop Production in Saline Environments. Haworth Press, New York, USA.
25. Rebecca, A.J., Babu, P.S., Patnaik, M.C., and Hussain, S.A. 2017. Effect of selenium, S sulphur and their interaction on yield, contents and uptake by
sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Int. J. Pure App. Biosci., 5: 6.1356-1363.
26. Reddy, N.Y.A., Shaanker, R.U., Prasad, T.G., and Kumar, M.U. 2003. Physiological approaches to improve harvest index and productivity in sunflower. Helia, 26: 38.81-90.
27. Ruiz, J.M., Rivero, R.M., and Romero, L. 2007. Comparative effect of Al, Se, and Mo toxicity on NO3- assimilation in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants. J. Environ. Manag., 83: 2.207-212.
28. Seppanen, M.M., Kontturi, J., Lopez Heras, I., Madrid, Y., Camara, C., and Hartikainen, H. 2010. Agronomic biofortification of Brassica with selenium enrichment of SeMet and its identification in Brassica seeds and meal. Plant Soil., 337: 1.273–283.
29. Skarpa, Petr. 2013. Fortification of sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L.) with selenium. J. Microbio. Biotechnol. Food Sci., 2: 1.1569-1579.
30. Tahir, M., YounasIshaq, M., Sheikh, A.A., Naeem, M., and Rehman, A. 2014. Effect of boron on yield and quality of sunflower under agro-ecological conditions of faisalabad (Pakistan). Sci. Agric., 7: 1.19-24.
31. Tavajjoh, M., Karimian, N.A., Ronaghi, A., Yasrebi, J., Hamidi, R., and Olama, V. 2016. Yield, yield components and seed quality of two rapeseed cultivars as affected by different levels of phosphorus and boron under greenhouse conditions. J. Sci. Technol. Greenh. Cult., 6: 4.99-113. (In Persian)
32. Terry, N., and Zayed, A.M. 1994. Selenium volatilization by plants. P343-367, In W.T. Frankenberger, Jr., and S., Benson, (eds.), Selenium in the Environment, Marcel Dekker, New York.
33. Valenciano, J.B., Boto, J.A., and Marcelo, V. 2011. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) response to zinc, boron and molybdenum application under field conditions. N.Z.J. Crop Hortic. Sci., 39: 4. 217-229.
34. Waling, I., Vark, W.V., Houba, V.J.G., and Van der lee. J.J. 1989. Soil and plant
analysis, a series of syllabi. Part 7. Plant analysis procedures. Wageningen Agriculture University, the Netherland.
35. Wang, H.M., Xiao, X.R., Yang, M.Y., Gao, Z.L., Zang, J., Fu, X.M., and Chen, Y.H. 2014. Effects of salt stress on antioxidant defense system in the root of kandelia candel. Bot. Stud., 1: 55-57.
36. Wang, L., Ma, B., and Wu, F. 2017. Effects of wheat stubble on runoff,
infiltration, and erosion of farmland on the Loess Plateau, China, subjected to simulated rainfall. Solid Earth., 8: 1.281–290.
37. Zhu, Y.G., Pilon-Smits, E.A.H., Zhao, F.J., Williams, P.N., and Meharg, A.A. 2009. Selenium in higher plants: understanding mechanisms for biofortification and phytoremediation. Trends Plant Sci., 14: 8.436–442.
Journal of Crop Production
Volume 11, Issue 3
December 2019
Pages 43-59

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics