The effect of some vegetable oils on optimizing nicosulfurun efficacy in corn

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Agronomy and plant breeding, Faculty of , agricultural sciences, university of guilan

2 agronomy and plant breeding, faculty of agricultural sciences, university og guilan

Abstract

Background and objectives: Adjuvants through improving the performance of foliar-applied herbicides aim to optimize herbicide rates and minimize their cost and adverse effects. Enhancement in the efficacy of herbicides for effective weed control is of great importance, especially at lower dosage and it could be considered as an approach to reduce application rates of herbicides.Vegetable oils, as one of the adjuvants, have aroused a point of interest because of their less toxicity and risk, eco- compatibility and, natural renewability and biodegradability. The effect of adjuvant types to increase or decrease herbicides efficacy depend on type, characteristics, and formulation of herbicides, weed species, and environmental conditions; therefore to detect appropriate adjuvant for each herbicide, field experiments are required. Thus, the effects of petroleum (volck) and some vegetative oils in combination with nicosulfuron (Cruz) were investigated in this study.
Materials and methods: In order to evaluate nicosulfuron efficacy for weed control and the effects on corn yield characteristics when it was applied alone and tank-mixed with petroleum (volck), olive, castor, sesame, bitter almond, and sweet almond comparing to weedfree and weed infested condition, this field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at a field located at Mahi-dasht, Kermanshah province.
Results: The addition of olive, castor and volck oils were able to decrease density of redroot pigweed, green foxtail and groundcherry, and dry weight of total weeds to the extent of weedfree control. None of chemical management treatments could control orange nightshade and total weeds density as much as weed-free treatment. Orange nightshade showed a high level of tolerance to nicosulfuron. Plant height, biological and grain yield, harvest index, and thousand-seed weight of corn compared to weedfree condition was 22, 41, 59, 30, and 5% for weedinfested, and 13, 8, 10, 2, and 1% for nicosulfuron applied alone, respectively. Tank mixing of all oils wanes height reduction to 7%, olive and castor oils decreased biological and grain yield reduction to 2.5%; although none of them could produce the same as weed free treatment. Corn harvest index and thousand-seed weight, when nicosulfuron applied in combination with olive, castor and sesame oils did not differed significantly from weed free control.
Conclusion: Weed species control improved when nicosulfuron applied with petroleum and vegetable oil adjuvants. Herbicide efficacy enhancement for weed species were different by utilizing various oils. In general, olive and castor oils showed the best results for nicosulfuron efficacy on weeds and corn yield related traits.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Crop Production
Volume 11, Issue 2
September 2018
Pages 91-107

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