The effect of salinity on yield and yield components of two wheat cultivars in the plain of Birjand

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Faculty member, University of birjand

Abstract

Water shortage and qualitative decrease of water sources and soil in southern Khorasan province (in east of Iran) are the major causes of decreased production. Indiscriminate harvesting water from underground sources (the last two decades) phenomenon intrusion (interference saline aquifer in fresh water) in most of South Khorasan plains and the day after will be added to the volume of brackish water area.This decrease is produced.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of salinity on yield, yield components and protein content of two cultivars of Ghods and Roshan, determines the efficiency of water use and the effect of changes in water quality irrigation water is use efficiency on economic indicators and net income. Factorial experiment split into two cultivars (Ghods and Bright), as main plots and three levels of salinity (S_1, S_2, S_3 and, respectively, 4.1, 5.4 and 9.6 dS⁄m ) as the sub plots with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station and the University of Birjand in the crop year 2013-2014 was carried out.The results of water use efficiency, indicating that the first product under the terms of the percentages of reduction of salinity in Ghods cultivar was more than clear Increased salinity and cultivars, both to reduce seed yield, seed weight, harvest index and biological yield significantly, only increasing salinity, by increasing the protein content of two cultivars and in the light, yield 26% and protein content was 5% higher than Ghods. Salinity decreased relative water use efficiency (WUE), but the value of all treatments, for Roshan, Ghods was over. The effects of salinity on yield indices of two wheat cultivars (VMP_(EC_W )) and (MP_(EC_W )) showed that the levels (S_1, S_2, net income 4.1 times more wheat and salinity levels S_3, Ghods wheat was 2 times. The economic indicators Water consumption also decreased with increasing salinity levels in two varieties. Due to the increasing yield and protein content higher than 26 and 5 per cent on Ghods, the figure (in terms of quantity and quality), for planting in saline condition in the region, seems more appropriate. Increasing salinity levels relative reduction in water use efficiency for both the cause and amount of the figure was more clearly. The evaluation of economic indicators, performance and revenue showed two wheat varieties that are resistant to salinity and Roshan in different salinity levels significantly higher than the net income figure, so wheat cultivation area with inadequate water cost It was more cost-effective.

Keywords

Main Subjects


1. Afyuni, D. 2002. Using water with
different salinity for irrigation of wheat
cultivars and varieties to evaluate the
reaction, the first national conference to
examine ways to deal with the water
crisis. Zabol University. (In Persian)
2.Alizadeh, A. 2004. Related to soil and
water Plants. University of Imam Reza,
the fourth edition. (In Persian)
3.Fayyaz, F. 2007. The heritability of some
morphological traits in some genotypes
of wheat under drought conditions, J.
Agric. Sci. Technol., 20(5): 46-35. (In
Persian)
4.Francoins, L.E., Mass, E.V., Donovan,
T.J., and Youngs, U.L. 1986. Effects of
salinity on grain yield and quality,
vegetative growth and germination of
semi-dwarf and durum wheat, Agr. J.,
78: 1053-1058.
5.Francoins, L.E., Donovan, T.J., Mass,
E.V., and Rubenthaler, G.L. 1988.
Effect of salinity on grain yield and
quality, vegetative growth and
germination of semi-dwarf and durum
wheat, Agr. J., 80: 642-647.
6.Kiani, A., and et al. 1996. evaluation
functions under salinity and drought
reduced the wheat yield. soil water J.,
20(1): 73- 82.
7.Kiani, A., and Kouchakzadeh, D. 2001.
The administrative and management
practices in agricultural water use, the
first national conference examining
ways of dealing with the water crisis.
Zabol University. (In Persian)
8.Khosla, B.K., and Gupa, R.K. 1997.
Response of wheat use from probability
and drainage. Agric. Water Manag. J.,
32: 285-291.
9.Mass, E.V., and Grieve, C.W. 1990. Spik
and Leaf development in salt stressed
wheat. Crop Sci., 30: 1309- 1313.
10.Mohager Milani, P. 2000. Feed Wheat in
Saline Conditions in Qom. Balanced
Nutrition Wheat Proceedings. Pp: 444-
429. (In Persian)
11.Noroozi, M. 1999. Brackish and saline
water use for irrigation, the National
Committee on Irrigation and Drainage,
26p. (In Persian)
12.Prasad A. 2000. Optimal irrigation
planning under water scarcity, J. Irrig.
Drain. Eng., 132: 3(228).
13.Yazdani, H. 1991. To determine the
resistance of wheat cultivars to salinity.
an annual research report, Department of
Soil and Water. (In Persian)
14.Zamani, Gh.R. 2004. Study
physiological aspects between wild oat
and wheat under salt stress, Ph.D. thesis
of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of
Mashhad. (In Persian)