Suitability assessment of wheat-grown fields using Geographic Information System, Remote Sensing and Analytical Network Process method in Qaresoo basin, Gorgan county

Document Type : Research Paper

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Abstract

Background and objectives: In recent years, some specialized softwares have been developed for land evaluation goals that the common aspect of them is the generation of an environment to provide patterns and modeling of evaluation methods. Considering the importance of wheat as a strategic crop in the human food supply, efficient use of common sources and the evaluation of wheat fields towards sustainable production, this study was aimed to agroecological assessment of winter wheat-grown fields in Qaresoo basin located in Gorgan County by Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS) and Analytical Network Process (ANP) method.
Materials and methods: The wheat fields were detected using supervised method acquired by Landsat 8. In this study, environmental factors, including average, minimum and maximum temperatures, annual precipitation, slope, aspect, elevation and soil characteristics (i.e. organic matter, pH, EC and soil texture) were considered. Ecological requirements of wheat were identified from scientific literatures and variables were mapped and classified. The analytical Network process (ANP) was used to determine the weight of criteria using the questionnaires analysis sheet. Then based on a model, forenamed layers were combined and evaluated.
Results: Among edaphic criteria, maximum weight was related to soil salinity and soil organic matter (0.33 and 0.16, respectively), while the lowest value belonged to soil texture (0.084). In addition, in terms of topographical criteria, the weight of elevation and aspect were the highest and lowest, respectively.
Conclusion: The results indicated that about 93.41% and 0.59% of wheat-grown fields in Qaresoo basin were high suitable and suitable for this crop, respectively. Lower elevation and lower slopes and south aspects, suitable temperature and annual precipitation, also desirable EC, soil texture and organic matter were the reasons make these regions suitable for this class. Therefore, current wheat-grown fields of Qaresoo have no limitations in terms of topographic, climatic and soil-related factors for wheat cultivation, This reveals that farmers have selected suitable areas for the cultivation of wheat. With management of limiting and reducing production factors, this region has great potential for the production of this product. But it should be noted that the continuous cultivation of wheat in recent years caused many problems in the Golestan province's agricultural system. Thus, although farmers have chosen the cultivation of this plant in the region properly, but must be replaced with introduced plants that have the same ecological requirements to prevent its frequent cultivation. Therefore, doing the same assessment on other autumn plants could be advised.

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References

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Journal of Crop Production
Volume 11, Issue 1
June 2018
Pages 1-22

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