Effects of water deficit on Relative Water Content, Chlorophyll Fluorescence indices and seed yield in four pinto bean genotypes

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Background and objectives: Pinto bean is a susceptible plant to drought stress. However, there is genotype variation for the trait in this plant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of drought stress on leaf relative water content, chlorophyll fluorescence indices and grain yield of pinto bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivated in Zanjan province.
Materials and methods: an experiment was conducted as spilt plot based on a completely randomized block design with four replications at Zanjan university research farm. Irrigation levels (control and drought stress) and genotypes (Local khomein, Sadri, Ks21193 and Ks21189) were set in the main and subplot, respectively. In this experiment leaf relative water content, minimum fluorescence, maximum fluorescence, variable fluorescence, quantum yield of photosystem II and grain yield were measured.
Results: Results showed that the drought stress effects for all traits, except for maximum fluorescence and the interaction of drought stress and cultivar for all traits, except for minimum fluorescence and maximum fluorescence were significant. In this experiment, it was also observed that on leaf relative water content, variable fluorescence, quantum yield of photosystem II and grain yield of genotypes were significantly lower under drought stress compared to the control. The results showed that water deficit caused quantum yield of photosystem II declined significantly due to increasing of minimum fluorescence and decreasing of maximum fluorescence. Results indicated that Ks21189 genotype showed maximum leaf relative water content (74/24%), variable fluorescence (2046) and quantum yield of photosystem II (0/70) under drought stress. Also, Ks21189 genotype exhibited the least reduction for leaf relative water content and quantum yield of photosystem II under drought stress in comparison to control. In addition, this genotype had maximum seed yield (741/6 Kg.Ha-1) under drought stress. These findings confirm the resistance of Ks21189 genotype to drought stress and stimulating this genotype to least reduction for quantum yield of photosystem II under water limitation conditions. Minimum leaf relative water content (51/8%), variable fluorescence (1245/5), quantum yield of photosystem II (0/63) and grain yield (503/1 Kg.Ha-1) was obtained in the plots which sadri genotype under drought condition was applied. Sadri genotype was identified as water deficit stress sensitive genotypes with the reduction of yield 80/18%.
Conclusion: Correlation analysis indicated significant and positive correlation between leaf relative water content, maximum fluorescence, variable fluorescence and quantum yield of photosystem II with grain yield. Thus, it seems that under drought stress, genotypes with stable quantum yield of photosystem II and leaf relative water content produce higher grain yield because of higher photosynthesis rate.

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