اثر محلول‌پاشی نانوسیلیکون و اسید سالیسیلیک روی صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه کلزای بهاره در شرایط محدودیت آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

3 دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

4 دانشگاه مراغه

5 استادیار دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: محدودیت آب مهمترین عامل محدود کننده در تولید کلزای بهاره در نواحی مدیترانه‌ایی نیمه خشک می‌باشد. استفاده از مواد مغذی با فن‌آوری نانو و تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد ضمن تاثیر بر فرآیندهای فیزیولوژی گیاه می‌تواند در ایجاد تحمل به تنش آبی نقش مهمی ایفا کند. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تغییرات برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه کلزای بهاره در واکنش به محلول‌پاشی برگی نانوسیلیکون و اسید سالیسیلیک تحت شرایط محدودیت آب بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در مزرعه دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال زراعی 1396 اجرا شد. تیمارهای محدودیت آب (شاهد یا آبیاری کامل، قطع آبیاری در مراحل ساقه‌روی، گلدهی و دانه‌بندی) و محلول‌پاشی سیلیکون به فرم نانودی‌اکسید سیلیکون (nSiO2) در سه سطح (صفر، 60 و300 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) و اسید سالیسیلیک (SA) در سه سطح (صفر، 5/0 و 5/2 میلی‌مولار) بودند.
یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد اثرات اصلی فاکتورهای آزمایش روی صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه معنیدار میباشد. در تیمار آبیاری کامل، کمترین سبزینگی برگ (شاخص SPAD) مشاهده شد، با این حال بالاترین میزان این صفت تحت شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی و با محلول‌پاشی 60 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر nSiO2 و 5/2 میلی‌مولار SA بدست آمد. در تیمارهای آبیاری کامل و قطع آبیاری در مرحله دانهبندی، محلولپاشی 300 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر nSiO2 منجر به کاهش معنیدار عملکرد کوانتومی فتوسیستم II (Fv/Fm) نسبت به سطح 60 میلیگرم بر لیتر nSiO2 شد. محلولپاشی 300 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر nSiO2 توأم با مصرف 5/0 و 5/2 میلیلیتر SA منجر به کاهش معنیدار نشت الکترولیت از غشا (EC) در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد شد. در شرایط عدم محدودیت آب، محلولپاشی 300 میلیگرم بر لیتر nSiO2 بالاترین محتوی نسبی آب (RWC) برگ را موجب شد. همچنین در بین سطوح مختلف اسید سالیسیلیک، بالاترین میزان RWC از محلولپاشی برگی 5/2 میلیلیتر SA بدست آمد. در شرایط آبیاری کامل، محلولپاشی 300 میلیگرم بر لیتر nSiO2 توأم با 5/0 میلیمولار SA، بالاترین عملکرد دانه (3/2847 کیلوگرم در هکتار) را موجب شد، در حالیکه کمترین میزان این صفت متعلق به تیمار قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی و ساقهروی بدون محلولپاشی nSiO2 و SA بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتیجهگیری شد محلولپاشی nSiO2 و SA به تنهایی و یا توأم در هر دو شرایط آبیاری و محدودیت آب تاثیر مثبت بر صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه نشان داد، با این حال مقدار بالاتر nSiO2 میتواند نقش بازدارنده روی اثرات مثبت SA داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of foliar spray of nano silicone and salicylic acid on physiological traits and seed yield of spring rapeseed at water limitation conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • kamel sajed gollojeh 1
  • saeid khomari 2
  • parisa shekhzadeh 3
  • naser sabaghnia 4
  • mehdi mohebodini 5
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of MohagheghArdabili
2 agronomy and plant inbreeding university of mohaghegh ardabili
3 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of MohagheghArdabili
4 Professor at University of Maragheh, Faculty of Agriculture
5 Associate Professor Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of MohagheghArdabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives: water limitation is often the most important preventive factor in spring rapeseed in semi-arid Mediterranean regions. The use of nutrient nanoparticles and exogenous plant growth regulators by influencing plant physiological processes can play an important role in tolerance to water limitation. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of some physiological traits and seed yield of spring rapeseed in response to foliar spray of nano silicone and salicylic acid under water limitation conditions.
Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted as a factorial split plot based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardebili, in 2017. Water limitation treatments (control or full irrigation, irrigation withholding at stem elongation, flowering and seed formation stages), and foliar spray of silicon in form of Nano- silicon dioxide (nSiO2) at three levels (0, 60 and 300 mg.L-1) and salicylic acid (SA) at three levels (0, 0.5 and 2.5 mM).
Results: The results showed that the main effects of experiment factors on physiological traits and seed yield are significant. The lowest value of leaf greenness index (SPAD) was observed on Full Irrigation, whereas the highest values were obtained from foliar spray 60 mg.L-1 nSiO2 and 2.5 mM SA under irrigation withholding at flowering stage. At full irrigation and irrigation withholding at seed formation stage treatments, the spraying of 300 mg / l nSiO2 resulted in a significant reduction in the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) in compared to the lower level of nSiO2. Foliar Spray 300 mg.L-1 of nSiO2 with SA consumption resulted in the reduction of electrolyte leakage from membrane (EC) compared to control treatment. In full irrigation, the highest value of relative water content (RWC) was obtained, especially with foliar spray 300 mg.L-1 nSiO2. Also in between different levels of SA, The foliar spray 2.5 mM SA caused the highest RWC trait. The highest seed yield was obtained from full irrigation In combination with 300 mg. L-1 nSiO2 and 0.5 mM SA (2847.3 kg.ha-1), and the lowest value was belonged to irrigation withholding at flowering and stem elongation stages without foliar spray of nSiO2 and or SA .
Conclusion: It was concluded that foliar spray nSiO2 and SA alone or combined in both conditions of irrigation and or water limitation showed a positive effect on physiological traits and seed yield, however a higher amount of nSiO2 could have a deterrent effect on the positive effects of SA.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • SPAD
  • Electrolyte leakage
  • relative water content
  • seed yield

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 12، شماره 4
اسفند 1398
صفحه 137-156

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