بررسی شاخص‌های تغذیه‌ای گیاه ذرت (Zea mays L.) تلقیح شده با کودهای میکروبی فسفاته حاوی باکتریهای حل‌کننده فسفات مقاوم به دما

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک- دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه تبریز- تبریز- ایران

2 دانشگاه تبریز، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: یکی از کودهای میکروبی مهم کود میکروبی فسفاته میباشد و ممکن است به صورت پودری یا گرانوله تهیه شود که در فرایند گرانول‌سازی، بایستی پس از اختلاط اجزاء تشکیل‌دهنده، از حرارت ملایم (40-50 درجه سلسیوس) جهت خشک نمودن کود تولیدی استفاده شود، چنین شرایطی باعث از بین رفتن باکتریهای افزوده شده به بستر خواهد شد. استفاده از باکتریهای حل‌کننده فسفات مقاوم به دما در کودهای میکروبی فسفاته گرانوله یکی از راهکارهای غلبه بر محدودیت‌ تولید این نوع کودها می‌باشد.
مواد و روشها: در این تحقیق کارایی و اثربخشی کودهای میکروبی فسفاته تهیه شده از دو باکتری حل‌کننده فسفات مقاوم به دما (باکتری‌هایRPS9 و RPS7) و یک باکتری غیرمقاوم به دما (PS4) بر بستر پایه ﺧﺎک ﻓﺴﻔﺎت (45 ﮔﺮم) + ﮔﻮﮔﺮد (15ﮔﺮم) + باگاس (30 ﮔﺮم) بر گیاه ذرت رقم سینگل‌گراس 704 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. این آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در مجموع با لحاظ نمودن 7 تیمار آزمایشی در 3 تکرار به انجام رسید که شامل تیمارهای شاهد منفی (بدون کود میکروبی و کود سوپرفسفات)، شاهد مثبت (کود سوپرفسفات تریپل بر اساس آزمون خاک و در دو سطح 50% و 100%)، بستر میکروبی (بدون افزودن باکتری) و کود میکروبی فسفاته مربوط به هر 3 باکتری (PS4 ، RPS9 و RPS7) بود. آبیاری گلدانها نیز از طریق توزین در FC8/0 انجام پذیرفت.
یافته‌ها: نتایج به دست آمده از آزمایشات گلخانه‌ای نشان داد که کاربرد کودهای میکروبی فسفاته در گیاه ذرت رقم سینگل‌کراس 704، بر وزن تر و خشک ریشه و بخش هوایی، مقدار و جذب فسفر، پتاسیم، آهن و روی بخش ریشه و بخش هوایی، تاثیر کاملا معنی‌داری دارد. تیمار کود میکروبیPS4 دارای بالاترین مقدار جذب فسفر بوده و از این نظر با تیمارهای شیمیایی SPT (100% و 50%) در یک گروه قرار گرفت و موجب افزایش میزان جذب فسفر به میزان 07/25% نسبت به شاهد کنترل منفی و 49/23% نسبت به شاهد بدون بستر (No Carrier) شد. در پارامتر پتاسیم گیاه نیز تیمار کود SPT (100%) و تیمار میکروبیPS4 دارای بیشترین مقدار جذب پتاسیم بترتیب با میانگین 685/585 و 343/511 (mg/plant) بودند. تیمارهای میکروبیPS4 و RPS9 در تامین فسفر و پتاسیم گیاه ذرت بخوبی تیمار شیمیایی سوپرفسفات تریپل عمل کردند. در پارامتر آهن تیمار کود میکروبی RPS9 و در پارامتر Zn تیمار کود میکروبی RPS7 دارای بالاترین عملکرد بودند.
نتیجه گیری: تلقیح کودهای میکروبی حاوی باکتریهای محرک رشد گیاه کلنیزاسیون این باکتریها را در ریزوسفر گیاه به دنبال داشته است و شاهد اثرات افزایشی پارامترهای اندازه‌گیری شده بودیم. تیمار باکتریایی PS4 عملکرد مشابه تیمار سوپرفسفات تریپل 100% و تیمار RPS9 مشابه سوپرفسفات تریپل 50% داشتند. RPS7دارای عملکرد پایین‌تری بود. از میان دو جدایه مقاوم به دما که به تازگی جداسازی شده‌اند و هر دو متعلق به گونه Pantoea agglomerans هستند به نظر استفاده از RPS9 برای این منظور امیدبخش‌تر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Inoculation Effect of Phosphatic Microbial Fertilizers Containing Temperature Resistant Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria on Nutritional Indices of Zea mays L.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bahman Khoshru 1
  • Mohammad Reza Sarikhani 2
1 Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University- Tabriz-Iran
2 University of Tabriz, Department of soil science
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: One of the most important microbial fertilizers is phosphate microbial fertilizers, it can be prepared in powder or granular form, which, after mixing the constituents, should be used for gentle heating (40-50 degrees Celsius) to dry the fertilizer, such conditions will eliminate the bacteria that are added to the carrier. The use of temperature resistant phosphate solubilizing bacteria in granular phosphate fertilizers is one of the strategies to overcome the limitations of these fertilizers production.
Materials and Methods: In this research, the efficacy and effectiveness of phosphatic microbial fertilizers prepared from two temperature resistant phosphate solubilizing bacteria (RPS9 and RPS7) and a non-temperature resistant bacterium (PS4) in the basal formulation of rock phosphate (45 g), sulfur (15 g) and bagasse (30 g) was evaluated on corn S.C.704 cultivar. Experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with regard to control treatment (without microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer), triple super phosphate fertilizer treatments at 50% and 100% fertilizer recommendation, with bacterial treatments (PS4, RPS7 and RPS9) in three replications Done. The irrigation of the pots was carried out through weighing at 0.8FC.
Results: The results of greenhouse experiments showed that the application of phosphatic microbial fertilizers in corn, on fresh and dry weight of the whole plant, absorption of phosphorus, potassium, iron and zinc in the root and shoot part had a significant effect. The PS4 microbial fertilizer application had the highest amount of phosphorus absorption and in this regard was treated with chemical treatments SPT (100% and 50%) in same group and increased the rate of absorption of phosphorus by 25.07% compared to negative control and 23.49 % Compared to control without carrier (No Carrier). In potassium parameters of the plant were also treated with SPT fertilizer (100%) and PS4 microbial treatment led to highest potassium uptake with average of 585.685 and 511. 343 (mg / plant), respectively. Microbial treatments of PS4 and RPS9 in the supply of phosphorus and potassium of the corn plant were well treated with triple super phosphate. RPS9 of microbial fertilizer in the Fe parameter and RPS7 in Zn parameter had the highest performance.
Conclusion: Inoculation of microbial fertilizers containing plant growth promoting bacteria has led to the colonization of these bacteria in the plant's rhizosphere, and we have seen the incremental effects of measured parameters. PS4 bacterial treatment was similar to triple super phosphate treatment (100%) and RPS9 treatment was similar to triple superphosphate (50%). RPS7 has lower performance. Among the two newly-released temperature resistant isolates, both of which are Pantoea agglomerans, it seems rational to use RPS9 for this purpose.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Phosphatic microbial fertilizer
  • Phosphate solubilizing bacteria
  • Effectiveness
  • Temperature resistance

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 12، شماره 2
شهریور 1398
صفحه 107-122

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