بررسی تاثیرکاربرد بهبود دهنده‎های رشد و کودهای شیمیایی بر رشد و عملکرد سیب زمینی (Solanum tuberosum)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی گنبد کاووس

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: سیب‌زمینی، پنجمین محصول کشاورزی در جهان است که نقش مهمی در تغدیه مردم دارد و منبعی سرشار از کربوهیدرات، پروتئین و اسید آمینه‌های ضروری برای انسان به حساب می‌آید. این گیاه جزء مهم‌ترین گیاهان غده‌ای است. کودهای شیمیایی، نقش اساسی در افزایش عملکرد و کیفیت سیب‌زمینی دارند. با این‌حال، مصرف غیر اصولی و بی‌رویه کودهای شیمیایی با مشکلات زیادی از نظر سلامتی و مسائل زیست محیطی و ایجاد آلودگی در منابع آب و خاک همراه است. پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور بررسی اثر بهبود دهنده‌های رشد و کودهای شیمیایی بر رشد و عملکرد سیب زمینی رقم میلوا انجام گردید.
مواد و روش: آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1395 انجام گردید. تیمارها شامل مصرف کودهای نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاس به میزان عرف منطقه (100NPK)، مصرف 100NPK + هیومیک اسید (HMC)، 100NPK + Equilibrate vegetative organic (EVEO)، مصرف کودهای نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاس به میزان نصف عرف منطقه (50NPK) + هیومیک اسید، 50NPK+ EVEO، EVEO به تنهایی و کاربرد هیومیک اسید به تنهایی بودند. صفات مورد اندازه‎‌گیری شامل تعداد غده در بوته، وزن تر و خشک غده‎های تک بوته و وزن تر بوته در هکتار، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد غده سیب زمینی و شاخص برداشت بود.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد اسید هیومیک و EVEO همراه با کود شیمیایی به‌طور معنی‌داری باعث افزایش تعداد غده در هر بوته، وزن خشک غده هر بوته، عملکرد غده، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت شد، اما تأثیر معنی‌داری بر وزن بوته در هکتار و وزن خشک تک بوته نداشتند. بالاترین تعداد غده در بوته، وزن خشک غده هر بوته، عملکرد غده، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت در تیمار 100NPK + EVEO بدست آمد، اگرچه اختلاف معنی‌داری با تیمارهای 100NPK + HMC و 50NPK + EVEO نداشت. کمترین میزان این صفات در تیمار 100NPK حاصل شد، ولی تفاوت معنی داری با تیمارهای کاربرد اسید هیومیک و EVEO به‌تنهایی مشاهده نشد. عملکرد غده در تیمارهای 100NPK+EVEO، 100NPK+HMC و 50NPK+EVEO به‌ترتیب 64/27، 21/18 و 75/15 درصد نسبت به تیمار کاربرد کود شیمیایی 100NPK افزایش یافت.
نتیجه‌گیری: براساس این نتایج، با کاربرد بهبود دهنده رشد EVEO می‌توان مصرف کود شیمیایی را به میزان 50 درصد کاهش داد؛ به عبارت دیگر در تیمار 50NPK+EVEO علاوه بر این که عملکرد قابل قبول سیب زمینی، مقدار کود شیمیایی مصرفی نیز نسبت به بقیه تیمارها 50 درصد کمتر بود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که بین عملکرد غده در تیمار کود شیمیایی و کاربرد تنهای اسید هیومیک و EVEO تفاوت معنی-داری مشاهده نشد. بنابراین، کاربرد این مواد آلی می‌تواند با افزایش جذب و کارایی مواد غذایی و به دنبال آن کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی کمک شایانی به کاهش آلودگی‌های زیست محیطی کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study the effect of growth improver and chemichal fertilizer application on growth and yeild of Solanum tuberosum

چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Potato is the fourth most important food crop in the world that plays an important role in people feeding. This crop is a source of carbohydrates, protein and essential amino acids for human being and it is one of the important tuber plants. Low yield of crops in many countries often related to the deficiency of soil nutrients. Chemical fertilizers have an important role in improving yield and quality of potatoes. However, excessive use of chemical fertilizers is associated with many health and environmental problems and pollution in water and soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizers and growth promoters on potato (cultivar Milva) yield to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers.
Materials and methods: Experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Gonbad Kavous University in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016. Treatments included the use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to amount of common use of region (100 NPK), 100 NPK + Humic acid (HMC), 100 NPK + Equilibrate vegetative organic (EVEO), the use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at a rate of half of the region convention (50 NPK) + HMC, 50 NPK + EVEO, application of EVEO and HMC alone. Traits of tuber number plant-1, fresh and dry weight of tubers plant-1, plant fresh weight ha-1, biological yield, tuber yield, and harvest index were measured.
Results: the results indicated that application of HMC and EVEO with chemical fertilizers significatly increased tuber number plant-1, tuber weight plant-1, biological yield, tuber yield, and harvest index; but they had no significant effect on plant weight. The highest tuber number plant-1, dry weight of tuber plant-1, biological yield, tuber yield, and harvest index were obtained in 100 NPK + EVEO; although there was no significant difference with treatments of 100 NPK + HMC and 50 NPK + EVEO. The lowest amount of these traits were achieved in the treatment 100 NPK. However, it had no significant difference with treatments of application of EVEO and HMC alone.
Conclusion: Based on these results, the use of EVEO can reduce consumption of chemical fertilizers by 50%. Also, significant difference was not observed between chemical fertilzer treatment (100 NPK) and application of EVEO and HMC alone. Therefore, use of these organic materials can increase the absorption and efficiency of nutrition and consequently reducution of the consumption of chemical fertilizers will help to reduce environmental pollution.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chemichal Fertilizer
  • Growth improver
  • Humic acid
  • Potato yeild
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