ارزیابی صفات مرفوفیزیولوژیک و اجزای عملکرد و رابطه آن با عملکرد دانه تحت شرایط کشت نشایی و مستقیم در تراکم‌های مختلف در ارقام کلزا (Brasica napus L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران

2 استاد ، بخش زراعی و باغی ، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان ، سازمان تحقیقات ، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ، رشت ، ایران .

3 دانشیار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان. گرگان، ایران

4 استاد، بخش زراعی و باغی ، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان ، سازمان تحقیقات ، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ، گرگان، ایران .

چکیده

سابقه و هدف.: از آنجایی که بیش از 90 درصد روغن مصرفی در کشور از طریق واردات تامین می‏گردد، لازم است که توسعه کشت گیاهان دانه روغنی و افزایش عملکرد آن‏ها بیش از پیش مورد توجه قرار گیرد. کلزا به دلیل ریز بودن بذرهای آن حساسیت زیادی به عمق کاشت و کیفیت بستر کاشت طی فرآیند جوانه‏زنی و سبز شدن در مزرعه دارد، از این رو کشت نشایی یکی از راه‌های افزایش عملکرد در کلزا می باشد.
مواد و روش‌ها: به منظور بررسی برخی از صفات مورفولوژیک، اجزای عملکرد دانه و رابطه آنها با عملکرد دانه در ارقام مختلف کلزا تحت شرایط کشت نشایی و مستقیم در تراکم‌های مختلف آزمایشی در دو سال زراعی 97-1396 و 98-1397 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گرگان به اجرا در آمد. آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات-فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرارو 3 فاکتور انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل: 1- روش کاشت، 2- تراکم بوته و 3- رقم بود. فاکتور اول اصلی روش کاشت در 5 سطح،1) کشت مستقیم بذر در مزرعه هم‏زمان با کشت بذر در سینی نشا، 2) کشت مستقیم بذر در مزرعه هم‏زمان با انتقال نشا به مزرعه، 3) کشت نشای تک بوته‏ای، 4) کشت نشای کپه‏ای حاوی سه بذر و 5) کشت نشای کپه‏ای حاوی پنج بذر بود، فاکتور فرعی دوم تراکم بوته در 2 300000 و 600000 بوته در هکتار و فاکتور فرعی سوم رقم در دو سطح رقم هایولا 50 و دلگان بود.
یافته‌ها: نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد اثر رقم، روش کاشت، تراکم و اثر متقابل روش کاشت و رقم و اثر متقابل روش کاشت و تراکم بر صفات مورفولوژیک از جمله ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه و درصد خوابیدگی در گیاه کلزا معنی‌دار بود، نتایج نشان داد در رقم دلگان در تمام روش‌های کاشت ارتفاع بوته و ارتفاع اولین غلاف از سطح زمین از رقم هایولا 50 بیشتر بود و کشت نشایی تک بوته در مزرعه نسبت به سایر روش‌های کشت دیگر دارای ارتفاع بوته بیشتر و درصد خوابیدگی کمتری بود. همچنین نتایج این ازمایش نشان داد اثر رقم، روش کاشت، تراکم و اثر متقابل روش کاشت و رقم و اثر متقابل تراکم و روش کاشت بر اجزای عملکرد دانه (تعداد دانه در غلاف و تعداد غلاف در بوته) و عملکرد دانه در گیاه کلزا معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در تیمار کشت نشای تک بوته‏ای و رقم دلگان مشاهده شد که برابر 9/3940 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود و بر اساس نتایج مقایسه میانگین اثر متقابل روش کاشت و تراکم، در بین روش‌های مختلف کاشت روش کشت نشای تک بوته‏ای منجر به بیشترین عملکرد دانه در هر دو تراکم 30 و 60 بوته در متر مربع شد که به ترتیب در تراکم‌های 30 و 60 بوته در متر مربع عملکرد دانه برابر 6/3756 و 9/3940 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: به طور کلی بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش باید بیان کرد برای موفقیت در کشت کلزا در منطقه گرگان استفاده از کشت نشایی تک بوته، رقم دلگان و تراکم 30 بوته در متر مربع بسیار مفید می‌باشد و می‌تواند تاثیر معنی داری بر عملکرد دانه نسبت به کشت مستقیم کلزا داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of morphophysiological traits and yield components and its relationship with grain yield under seedling and direct cultivation conditions in different densities in rapeseed cultivars (Brasica napus L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jafar Esmaeil nejad 1
  • Abolfazl Faraji 2
  • Mohamad Reza Dadashi 3
  • Hssan Mokhtarpour 4
1 M.Sc. Department of Agriculture, Go.C., Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
2 Faculty member of Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Gorgan, Iran.
3 Associated Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
4 Professor, Horticulture and Agronomy Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. Agricultural Research, Educational and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Since more than 90% of the oil consumed in the country is supplied through imports, it is necessary to pay more attention to the development of oilseed plants and increasing their yield. Due to the smallness of its seeds, rapeseed is very sensitive to the depth of planting and the quality of the planting bed during the process of germination and greening in the field, therefore seed cultivation is one of the ways to increase yield in rapeseed.
Materials and Methods:In order to investigate some morphological traits, grain yield components and their relationship with grain yield in different rapeseed cultivars under direct seedling cultivation conditions in different experimental densities in the two cropping years 2016-17 and 2017-2018 in Gorgan Agricultural Research Station to Was implemented. The experiment was performed as a split-factorial in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 3 factors. Experimental factors included: 1- planting method, 2- plant density and 3- cultivar. The first main factor of sowing method in 5 levels, 1) direct sowing of seeds in the field at the same time as sowing seeds in the seedling tray, 2) direct sowing of seeds in the field at the same time as transplanting the seedlings to the field, 3) cultivation of single plant seedlings 4) Heap seedling cultivation contained three seeds and 5) Heap seedling cultivation contained five seeds.
Results:: Was. The results of this experiment showed that the effect of cultivar, planting method, density and interaction between planting method and cultivar and the interaction effect of planting method and density on morphological traits such as plant height, stem diameter and dormancy percentage in rapeseed were significant. In Delgan cultivar, in all planting methods, the height of the plant and the height of the first pod from the ground was higher than Hayola 50 cultivar. The results of this experiment also showed the effect of cultivar, planting method, density and interaction of planting method and cultivar and the interaction of density and planting method on grain yield components (number of seeds per pod and number of pods per plant) and grain yield in rapeseed ‌ Was. The highest grain yield was observed in the treatment of single plant seedling and Delgan cultivar which was equal to 3940.9 kg / ha and based on the results of comparing the mean interaction of planting method and density among different planting methods of single plant planting method Led to the highest grain yield at both densities of 30 and 60 plants per square meter, which at densities of 30 and 60 plants per square meter, respectively, grain yield was 3756.6 and 3940.9 kg / ha.
Conclusion:In general, based on the results of this experiment, it should be stated that the use of single plant seedling, Delgan cultivar and density of 30 plants per square meter is very useful for rapeseed cultivation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • cultivar
  • rapeseed
  • seed yield
  • stem diameter
  • plant height

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 19، شماره 1
فروردین 1405
صفحه 1-27

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