تأثیر پیش‌تیمار بذر بر برخی صفات کمی، بیوشیمیایی و درصد روغن سیاه‌دانه (Nigella sativa L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق دکتری بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان.

2 زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 دانشجوی دکتری اگرواکولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: امروزه گیاهان دارویی در مجامع علمی و پزشکی بسیار مورد توجه قرار گرفته اند. سیاه‌دانه (Nigella sativa L.) از مهم‌ترین گونه‌های متعلق به خانواده Ranunculaceae است. در کشت گیاهان دارویی و معطر مشکلات مختلفی در جوانه‌زدن بذر برخی از گیاهان وجود دارد. به‌دلیل رشد ناکافی جنین، بذور سیاه‌دانه دارای ویژگی خواب هستند که باعث رشد غیر یکنواخت نهال-ها می‌شود. از آنجایی که در کشاورزی، جوانه‌زنی بذر برای به‌دست آوردن گیاهان سرزنده و عملکرد بالا بسیار مهم تلقی می‌شود، نیاز به فرآیندی است که جوانه‌زنی را تسهیل کند. فرآیندی که به عنوان پرایمینگ بذر یا پیش‌تیمار توصیف می‌شود. بدین منظور این آزمایش به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر پیش‌تیمارهای مختلف بذر بر برخی از صفات کمی و کیفی سیاه‌دانه در شرایط اقلیمی گرگان طراحی و اجرا شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان در سال زراعی 1401-1400 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 9 پیش‌تیمار مختلف مانند فسفات بارور، فسفر- روی (حاوی 10 درصد فسفر و 10 درصد روی)، قارچ تریکودرما (شرکت Biorun)، روی (سولفات روی)، قارچ میکوریزا (Funneliformis mosseae sp.)، بیوآزوسپیر (شامل باکتری‌های Azotobacter sp.، Azospirillum، Bacillus)، مولیبدن (مولیبدات آمونیوم)، اسید هیومیک (46 درصد لیگنو-هومکس) و شاهد. مقدار بذر مصرفی در این تحقیق بر اساس وزن هزار دانه و تراکم بهینه (100 بوته در متر مربع) 5/2 گرم در کرت در نظر گرفته شد. بذر مورد استفاده (نوع هندی) در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان تهیه شد. در این آزمایش صفاتی مانند ارتفاع گیاه، ارتفاع اولین شاخه جانبی از زمین، طول ریشه، وزن کل بوته، وزن کپسول در بوته، تعداد فولیکول‌ در کپسول، وزن دانه‌ در کپسول، وزن کل دانه‌ در بوته، درصد روغن، فنل کل، آنتی اکسیدان‌ و فلاونوئید اندازه‌گیری شد. در نهایت تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SAS و مقایسه میانگین داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون LSD در سطح احتمال یک درصد محاسبه شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که پیش‌تیمار بذر بر تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه به جز تعداد فولیکول تأثیر معنی‌داری داشت. مقایسه میانگین صفات نشان داد که بیشترین ارتفاع با میانگین 22/77 سانتی متر در گیاهان تیمار شده با مولیبدن مشاهده شد. بیشترین ارتفاع اولین شاخه فرعی (16/15 سانتی‌متر) و بیشترین میزان آنتی‌اکسیدان (19/66 میلی‌گرم بر گرم) به پیش تیمار با قارچ‌های میکوریزا تعلق گرفت. بیشترین وزن کل بوته (17 گرم)، حداکثر وزن کپسول در بوته (37/8 گرم)، بیشترین وزن دانه در کپسول (22/0 گرم) و حداکثر وزن کل دانه در بوته (10/6 گرم) در پیش‌تیمار بیوآزوسپایر مشاهده شد. همچنین در این تحقیق بیشترین طول ریشه (44/14 سانتی‌متر)، بیشترین درصد روغن (99/27 درصد)، بیشترین میزان فنل کل (53/22 میلی‌گرم در گرم) و بیشترین مقدار فلاونوئید (33/9 میلی‌گرم بر گرم) در پیش‌تیمار با اسید هیومیک به‌دست آمد.
نتیجه گیری: نتایج این تحقیق حاکی از تأثیر معنی‌دار پیش‌تیمار بذر بر تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه بود. از میان این پیش تیمارها، بیوآزوسپایر، اسید هیومیک، میکوریزا و مولیبدن صفات رویشی و عملکردی را بهبود بخشیدند. به‌طور کلی بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، اگر هدف افزایش عملکرد یا درصد روغن باشد، می‌توان از بیوآزوسپیر و اسید هیومیک به ترتیب به‌عنوان پیش‌تیمار بذر استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of seed pre-treatment on some quantitative, biochemical traits and oil percentage of Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zeinab Zare rahmat abad 1
  • Mohammad Mehdi Mirzaei 2
  • Shiva Taheri 3
1 Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
2 Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari
3 Agroecology, Gorgan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Today, medicinal plants have received a lot of attention in the scientific and medical communities. Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is the most important species belonging to the Ranunculaceae family. In the cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants, various problems occur in the germination of the seeds of some plants. Due to the insufficient growth of the embryos, the black seeds have sleeping characteristics, which causes the non-uniform growth of the seedlings. Since in agriculture, seed germination is considered very important to obtain lively plants and high yields, there is a need for a process that facilitates germination. A process described as seed priming or pre-treatment. For this purpose, this experiment was designed and implemented to investigate the effect of different seed pre-treatments on some quantitative and qualitative traits of black seed in the climatic conditions of Gorgan.
Materials and methods: This experiment was carried out in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Golestan Province in the crop year 2021-2022. The experimental treatments include nine different pre-treatments, such as fertile phosphate, Phosphorus-Zinc (containing 10% phosphorus and 10% zinc), Trichoderma fungus (Bioran company), zinc (zinc sulfate), mycorrhizal fungus (Funneliformis mosseae species), Bioazospire (containing Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum and Bacillus), Molybdenum (ammonium molybdate), humic acid (46% ligno-humex) and control. The amount of seed used in this research was considered to be 2.5 grams per plot based on the weight of 1,000 seeds and optimal density (100 plants per square meter). The used seed (an Indian variety) was prepared at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Golestan Province. In this experiment, traits such as the height of the plant, the height of the first branch, the root length, the total weight of the plant, the weight of the capsule in the plant, the number of follicles in the capsule, the weight of the seeds in the capsule, the total weight of the seeds in the plant, the percentage of oil, total phenol, Flavonoids, and antioxidants were measured. Finally, the statistical analysis of the data was calculated using SAS statistical software, and the average comparison of the data was calculated using the LSD test at the probability level of one percent.
Result: The results of this research showed that seed pre-treatment significantly affected all studied traits except the number of follicles. The comparison of the average traits showed that the maximum height, with an average of 77.22 cm, was observed in plants treated with molybdenum. The maximum height of the first secondary branch (15.16 cm) and the highest amount of antioxidants (66.19 mg/g) were assigned to pre-treatment with mycorrhizal fungi. The highest weight of the total plant (17 grams), the maximum weight of the capsule in the total plant (8.37 grams), the highest weight of the seeds in the capsule (0.22 g), and the maximum weight of the total seeds in the plant (6.10 grams) in fertilizer pre-treatment Bioazospire were observed. Also, in this research, the maximum root length (14.44 cm), the highest oil percentage (27.99%), the highest amount of total phenol (22.53 mg/g), and the maximum amount of flavonoid (9.33 mg/g) were obtained from pre-treatment with humic acid.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated a significant effect of seed pre-treatment on all studied traits. Among these pre-treatments, Bioazospire, humic acid, mycorrhiza, and molybdenum improved vegetative and functional traits. In general, based on the results of this research, if the aim is to increase seed yield or oil percentage, bioazospire and humic acid can be used as seed pre-treatments, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant
  • Bioazospire
  • Pre-treatment
  • Oil percentage
  • Mycorrhiza
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