اثر تنش شوری بر برخی خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و عملکردی گالگا (Galega officinalis) در محیط‌های کشت متنوع

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران،

3 دانشیار، گروه علمی علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران،

4 استادیار، گروه شیمی تجزیه-کروماتوگرافی، جهاد دانشگاهی واحد آذربایجان غربی، ارومیه. ایران،

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: تنش شوری یکی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های محیطی است که به ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک جهان به‌طور فزاینده‌ای احساس می‌شود. گیاهان مختلف نسبت به شوری واکنش‌های متفاوتی نشان می‌دهند و درک این واکنش‌ها می‌تواند به بهبود روش‌های کشاورزی و افزایش تاب‌آوری گیاهان کمک کند. گالگا (Galega officinalis L.) گیاهی علفی و چند ساله متعلق به تیره پروانه‌آسا می‌باشد. قسمت هوایی آن حاوی مجموعه‌ای از مواد کاهنده قند خون می‌باشد و از این گیاه به عنوان ضد دیابت استفاده می‌شود. علاوه بر کاربردهای زراعی، گالگا دارای خواص دارویی نیز است. در طب سنتی، از آن برای درمان بیماری‌های مختلف از جمله دیابت، مشکلات گوارشی و التهابات استفاده می‌شود. گیاه گالگا به عنوان یک منبع ارزشمند پروتئین و علوفه، به خاطر ویژگی‌های مرفولوژیک و عملکردی‌اش در شرایط نامساعد محیطی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی واکنش‌های محصول و اجزای عملکرد گیاه گالگا به تیمار تنش شوری و روش‌های مختلف کاشت انجام شد.
مواد وروش‌ها: این آزمایش به‌صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سه محیط کشت (گلخانه، گلدان معمولی در هوای آزاد و گلدان بزرگ در مزرعه) در سال زراعی 1402 در دانشگاه ارومیه اجرا شد. تنش شوری در سه سطح، 1/0 (شاهد)، 5 و 10 دسی-زیمنس بر متر بود. صفات مختلف زراعی مانند ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد شاخه اصلی، عملکرد بیولوژیک، کارآیی مصرف آب بیوماس، عملکرد دانه، کارآیی مصرف اب عملکرد دانه، وزن 1000 دانه، وزن خشک بذر با غلاف، تلاش بازآوری، شاخص برداشت، سدیم، پتاسیم و پرولین اندازه گیری شد. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SAS (نسخه 1/9) و MATATC انجام و مقایسه میانگین‌ها نیز توسط آزمون LSD در سطح احتمال خطای پنج درصد انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: تنش شوری در هر سه محیط کشت سبب کاهش ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد شاخه اصلی، بیوماس، عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد دانه پتاسیم برگ گالگا و افزایش میزان پرولین و سدیم نسبت به شاهد شد. در شرایط گلخانه بوته‌ها وارد مرحله زایشی نشدند. بیشترین ارتفاع بوته (66/71 سانتی‌متر) و وزن 1000 دانه (37/5 گرم) در تیمار شاهد و کشت مزرعه‌ای و کمترین ارتفاع (64/31 سانتی-متر) و وزن هزار دانه (33/4 گرم) در تنش شوری 10 دسی زیمنس بر متر و در شرایط کشت گلدانی هوای آزاد بدست آمد. در شرایط بدون شوری (شاهد)، بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه (82/5 و 35/2 گرم در بوته) به ترتیب در شرایط مزرعه و گلدانی هوای آزاد بدست آمد.
نتیجه‌گیری: کشت گلدانی گالگا در هوای آزاد در شوری 5 و 10 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر، حداکثر عملکرد را تولید کرد و همچنین به دلیل برتری کارآیی مصرف آب براساس عملکرد دانه، این روش کشت برای شرایط شور پیشنهاد می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of salinity stress on some morpho-physiological and yield characteristics of Galega (Galega officinalis) in various cultivation environments

نویسندگان [English]

  • Naser Samsami 1
  • Jalal Jalilian 2
  • Esmaeil Gholinezhad 3
  • Raheleh Tahmasebi 4
1 Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 Department of Agricultural Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
4 Research and Department of Chromatography, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Introduction: Salinity stress is one of the most important environmental challenges that is increasingly felt, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Different plants respond differently to salinity, and understanding these responses can help improve agricultural practices and increase plant resilience. Galega (Galega officinalis L.) is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the family Lepidaceae. Its aerial part contains a set of substances that lower blood sugar and this plant is used as an antidiabetic. In addition to agricultural applications, Galega also has medicinal properties. In traditional medicine, it is used to treat various diseases including diabetes, digestive problems, and inflammation. Galega, as a valuable source of protein and fodder, has been considered due to its morphological and functional characteristics under adverse environmental conditions. This study was conducted to investigate the responses of the yield and yield components of Galega to salinity stress treatment and different planting methods.
Materials and methods: This experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in three cultivation environments (greenhouse, regular pot in the open air and large pot in the field) in the 2024 crop year at Urmia University. Salinity stress was at three levels, 0.1 (control), 5 and 10 dS/m. Various agronomic traits such as grain yield, morphological traits, sodium, potassium and proline were measured. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SAS software (version 9.1) and MATATC and comparison of means was also performed using the LSD test at a 5% error probability level. For data obtained through counting (number of secondary and main branches), square root transformation was performed using SPSS software (version 16) and then mean comparison was performed.
Results: Salinity stress in all three cultivation conditions caused a reduction in plant height, number of secondary and main branches, biomass, yield, yield components and leaf potassium and an increase in proline and sodium content compared to the control. In the greenhouse conditions, the plants did not enter the reproductive stage. The highest plant height (71.66 cm) and weight of 1000 seeds (5.37 g) were obtained in field at control plants and the lowest plant height (31.64 cm) and weight of 1000 seeds (4.33 g) were obtained in outdoor pot at the salinity of 10 dS/m. Galga field cultivation produced the highest seed yield (5.82 g per plant) and outdoor pot cultivation produced the lowest seed yield (2.35 g per plant) in no-salt conditions.
Conclusion: The comparison between salinity stress treatments showed that Galga pot cultivation in outdoor at salinity of 5 and 10 dS/m produced the maximum yield and also due to the superiority of water consumption efficiency based on seed yield, this cultivation method is recommended for saline conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Galega
  • Pot culture
  • Salinity
  • Water use efficiency
  • Yield components

مراجع

  1. Omidbeigi, R. (2012). Production and processing of medicinal plants. 6, editor. Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi Publications. [In Persian].
  2. Parihar, P., Singh, S., Singh, R., Singh, V. & Prasad, S. M. (2015). Effect of salinity stress on plants and its tolerance strategies: a review. Environmental Science Pollution Research, 22, 4056-75.
  3. Bates, L. S., Waldren, R. & Teare, I. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39, 205-7.
  4. Jia, J., Huang, C., Bai, J., Zhang, G., Zhao, Q. & Wen, X. (2018). Effects of drought and salt stresses on growth characteristics of euhalophyte Suaeda salsa in coastal wetlands. Physics Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 103, 68-74.
  5. Rostami, M. (2018). Effect of salinity stress and salicylic acid on physiological characteristics of Lallemantia royleana. Journal of Plant Research, 31(2), 208-20. [In Persian].
  6. Al-Farsi, S. M., Nawaz, A., Nadaf, S. K., Al-Sadi, A. M., Siddique, K. H. & Farooq, M. (2020). Effects, tolerance mechanisms and management of salt stress in lucerne (Medicago sativa). Crop Pasture Science, 71(5), 411-28.
  7. Heidari, F., Jalilian, J. & Gholinezhad, E. (2020). The roll of foliar application nano-fertilizers in modulating the negative effects of salt stress in quinoa. Journal of Crops Improvement, 22(4), 587-600. [In Persian].
  8. Aghaei Joubani, K., Taei, N., Kanani, M. R. & Yazdani, M. (2015). Effect of salt stress on some physiological and biochemical parameters of two Salvia Journal of Plant Process and Function, 3(9), 85-96. [In Persian].
  9. Jahanbakhsh Godehkahriz, S., Khadem Sedighi, S., Ebadi, A., Tavakoli, N. & Davari, M. (2017). Effect of calcium on salt tolerance protein expression and activity of antioxidants in borage under salinity condition. Genetic Engineering and Biosafety Journal, 6(1), 117-29. [In Persian].
  10. Rabbani, A., Ardakani, M. R., Naghdi Badi, H., Rezazadeh, S. & Sarajooghi, M. (2021). Study on phytochemical changes of Cannabis sativa extract at vegetative growth stage under salinity stress. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 9(3), 82-93. [In Persian].
  11. Nabizadeh, E., Haghshenas, M. & Ahmadi, K. (2023). Evaluation of some quantitative and qualitative traits of Shirazi balangu (Lallemantia royleana) medicinal plant in response to salinity stress and mycorrhizal fung. Journal of Horticultural Science, 37(4), 1043-1058. [In Persian].
  12. Veisi, Z., Ghorbanpour, M. & Akramian, M. (2023). The effects of silicon nanoparticles on morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters of Calendula officinalis plants under salinity stress in hydroponic culture conditions. Journal of Plant Process and Function, 11(47), 211-29. [In Persian].
  13. Karimi, N. (2012). Isolation and identification of plant symbiosis (Azospirillum) of saline area and investigate the interference of wheat-weed in response to endophytic fungus P. indica under salinity stress. Thesis. Ilam University. [In Persian].
  14. Eslami, M. (2015). Evaluation of marketing problems of greenhouse products in desert area (Case study: Greenhouse cucumber and tomato, Yazd province). Journal of Arid Biome, 5(1), 18-30. [In Persian].
  15. Aslani, M., Gholamreza, S. & Ebrahimi, M. S. (2015). Prioritizing training needs of greenhouse owners: Case of Najaf-Abad County. Journal of Soil and Plant Interactions, 6(2), 175-85. [In Persian].
  16. Lindsay, W. L. & Norvell, W. (1978). Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil science Society of America Journal, 42(3), 421-8.
  17. Watanabe, F. & Olsen, S. (1965). Test of an ascorbic acid method for determining phosphorus in water and NaHCO3 extracts from soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 29(6), 677-8.
  18. Mc Lean, E. & Watson, M. (1985). Soil measurements of plant‐available potassium. Potassium in Agriculture, 277-308.
  19. Gee, G. W. & Bauder, J. W. (1986). Particle‐size analysis. Methods of soil analysis: Part 1 Physical mineralogical methods, 5, 383-411.
  20. Nelson, D. W. & Sommers, L. E. (1996). Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 3 Chemical Methods, 5, 961-1010.
  21. Darbyshire, S. J., Francis, A., Bromfield, E. S. & Mechanda, S. (2021). The biology of Canadian weeds: 158. Galega officinalis Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 102(1), 160-85.
  22. Alizadeh, A. (2011). The relationship between water, soil and plants. Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi Publications. [In Persian].
  23. Seyed Sharifi, R. & Gholinezhad, E. (2022). Evaluation of agronomic and morphophysiological traits of crop plants. Mohaghegh Ardabili University Press. Pp, 400. [In Persian].
  24. Hamada, A. & El-Enany, A. (1994). Effect of NaCl salinity on growth, pigment and mineral element contents, and gas exchange of broad bean and pea plants. Biologia Plantarum, 36, 75-81.
  25. Fanaiee, S. & Nejatzadeh, F. (2017). Assessment of seed priming effect in adjustment of salinity stress in Satureja sahendica. New Cellular Molecular Biotechnology Journal, 7(28), 41-8. [In Persian].
  26. Acosta-Motos, J. R., Ortuño, M. F., Bernal-Vicente, A., Diaz-Vivancos, P., Sanchez-Blanco, M. J. & Hernandez, J. A. (2017). Plant responses to salt stress: adaptive mechanisms. Agronomy, 7(1), 18.
  27. Valliyodan, B. & Nguyen, H. T. (2006). Understanding regulatory networks and engineering for enhanced drought tolerance in plants. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 9(2), 189-95.
  28. Abbasi, H., Jamil, M., Haq, A., Ali, S., Ahmad, R., Malik, Z., (2016). Salt stress manifestation on plants, mechanism of salt tolerance and potassium role in alleviating it: a review. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 103(2), 229-38.
  29. Souri, M. K. & Tohidloo, G. (2019). Effectiveness of different methods of salicylic acid application on growth characteristics of tomato seedlings under salinity. Chemical Biological Technologies in Agriculture, 6(1), 1-7.
  30. Regni, L., Tolisano, C., Del Buono, D., Priolo, D. & Proietti, P. (2024). Role of an aqueous extract of duckweed (Lemna minor) in increasing salt tolerance in Olea europaea L. Agriculture, 14(3), 375.
  31. Ramos-López, B. I., Ortiz-Hernández, Y. D., Morales, I. & Aquino-Bolaños, T. (2021). Plant density on yield of Husk tomato (Physalis ixocarpa) in field and greenhouse. Ciência Rural, Sanat Maria, 51:1.
  32. Zamani, S., Nezami, M., HABIBI, D. & Baybordi, A. (2010). Study of yield and yield components of winter rapeseed under salt stress conditions. Journal of Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 1(2), 109-21. [In Persian].
  33. Abak, K., Guler, H., Sari, N., & Paksoy, M. (1993). Earliness and yield of Physalis ( ixocarpa Brot. and P. peruviana L.) in greenhouse, low tunnel and open field. In Acta Horticulturae (No. 366, pp. 301–306). International Society for Horticultural Science.
  34. Munns, R. (2002). Salinity, growth and phytohormones. In A. Läuchli & U. Lüttge (Eds.), Salinity: Environment – plants – molecules (pp. 271–290). Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  35. Munns, R. & Tester, M. (2008). Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59(1), 651-81.
  36. Afzal, I., Basra, S. M., Farooq, M. & Nawaz, A. (2006). Alleviation of salinity stress in spring wheat by hormonal priming with ABA, salicylic acid and ascorbic acid. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 8(1), 23-8.
  37. Algosaibi, A. M., El-Garawany, M. M., Badran, A. & Almadini, A. M. (2015). Effect of irrigation water salinity on the growth of quinoa plant seedlings. Journal of Agricultural Science, 7(8), 205.
  38. Greenway, H. & Munns, R. (1980). Mechanisms of salt tolerance in nonhalophytes. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 31(1), 149-90.
  39. Golestani, M. (2020). Salt stress effect on some agronomical and physiological traits in Thymus daenensis subsp. daenensis ecotypes. Journal of Plant Process Function, 9(38), 459-77. [In Persian].
  40. Manivannan, P., Jaleel, C. A., Sankar, B., Kishorekumar, A., Murali, P., Somasundaram, R., et al. (2008). Mineral uptake and biochemical changes in Helianthus annuus under treatment with different sodium salts. Colloids Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 62(1), 58-63.
  41. Netondo, G. W., Onyango, J. C. & Beck, E. (2004). Sorghum and salinity: I. Response of growth, water relations, and ion accumulation to NaCl salinity. Crop Science, 44(3), 797-805.
  42. Mokari, M., Ghaderi, A. & Alaei, J. (2024). Determining of optimum crop production function for estimating of Camelina grain yield under deficit irrigation and saline water use in Kashmar weather conditions. Iranian Water Researches Journal 17(4), 11-21. [In Persian].
  43. Koyro, H. W. & Eisa, S. S. (2008). Effect of salinity on composition, viability and germination of seeds of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Plant Soil Science Society of America Journal, 302, 79-90.
  44. Shiran Tafti, M., Pirasteh-Anosheh, H. & Amini, A. (2019). Determining threshold salinity tolerance of wheat promising lines under greenhouse and field conditions Cereal Research, 9(3), 235-48. [In Persian].
  45. Ashraf, M. & Harris, P. J. (2004). Potential biochemical indicators of salinity tolerance in plants. Plant Science, 166(1), 3-16.
  46. Pirasteh-Anosheh, H., Ranjbar, G., Pakniyat, H., & Emam, Y. (2016). Physiological mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants: An overview. In N. Iqbal, M. A. Anjum, & S. A. Hassan (Eds.), Plant-environment interaction: Responses and approaches to mitigate stress (pp. 141–160). Wiley-Blackwell.
مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 19، شماره 1
فروردین 1405
صفحه 97-118

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار