اثر نوع بقایای گیاهی و مدیریت تلفیقی کود بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه کرچک (Ricinus communis L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه شهیدچمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران،

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه شهیدچمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران،

3 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه شهیدچمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران،

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: امروزه باتوجه به افزایش جمعیت و تغییر الگوی غذایی مردم، مصرف روغن‌های گیاهی در حال افزایش است. از میان گیاهان روغنی، کرچک (Ricinus communis L.) به دلیل تحمل به خشکی، مقاومت نسبی در برابر شوری و همچنین رشد سریع و آسان می‌تواند انتخاب خوبی برای تولید درصد روغن بالا و منابع انرژی باشد و با توجه به تاثیر تغذیه بهینه گیاهی در حصول عملکرد مناسب این پژوهش به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر نوع بقایای گیاهی و مدیریت تلفیقی کود بر عمکرد و اجزای عملکرد کرچک انجام شد.مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های یکبار خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار در سال زراعی 1400-1401 در محدوده شهرستان اندیمشک واقع درشمال خوزستان به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل کاربرد بقایای گیاهی (بدون بقایا (شاهد)، بقایای کلزا، بقایای گندم و بقایای ذرت) به عنوان کرت اصلی و نوع مدیریت کود که شامل کاملاً شیمیایی بر اساس میزان N-P-K توصیه شده (90-75-60 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، ارگانیک (مخلوط کمپوست و ورمی کمپوست+بارور 2+سوپرنیتروپلاس+هیومیک اسید)، تلفیقی 1 (کود پایه شیمیایی+بارور 2+سوپرنیتروپلاس+هیومیک اسید) و تلفیقی ۲ (کودپایه مخلوط کمپوست و ورمی کمپوست +بارور 2 +سوپرنیتروپلاس+ هیومیک اسید +سرک اوره) به عنوان کرت فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. صفات مورد بررسی شامل ارتفاع بوته، ارتفاع گل آذین، تعداد کپسول در بوته، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، شاخص برداشت و درصد روغن بودند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از بقایای گیاهی (ذرت، گندم و کلزا) و کود ارگانیک و تلفیقی 2 باعث حصول بیشترین تعداد دانه در بوته، شاخص برداشت و درصد روغن شد. به طوری که با کاربرد کود ارگانیک و بقایای گندم و ذرت بیشترین شاخص برداشت به دست آمد. با تاثیر مثبت کود تلفیقی 2 بر روی درصد روغن می‌توان اظهار کرد که کود تلفیقی 2 و بقایای ذرت منجر به افزایش کیفیت گیاه کرچک شده است. به طوری‌که عملکرد دانه بیشترین همبستگی را با وزن هزار دانه دارا بود. حذف بقایای گیاهی باعث کاهش معنی‌دار درصد روغن (کاهش کیفیت) شد. اما در مقابل کاربرد بقایای گیاهی کمترین تاثیر را بروی عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد داشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: به طورکلی کاربرد تنها کود کاملاً شیمیایی منجر به افزایش عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد گیاه کرچک گردید در صورتی‌که کود ارگانیک و بقایای ذرت منجر به کاهش عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد گردید. در مقابل کاربرد کود ارگانیک و بقایای گندم و ذرت منجر به افزایش کیفیت بذور کرچک گردید. در این مطالعه تیمار کود کاملاً شیمیایی موفق‌ترین در عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد و کود ارگانیک و بقایای ذرت و گندم موفق‌ترین در کیفیت بذور کرچک معرفی می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of crop residue types and integrated fertilizer management on yield and yield components of (Ricinus communis L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Narges Jafarzadeh 1
  • Amir Aynehband 2
  • Esfandiar Fateh 3
1 Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
3 Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Nowadays, due to the increase in the population and the change in people's dietary patterns, the consumption of vegetable oils is increasing. Among the oil plants, Castor (Ricinus communis L.) due to drought, relative resistance to salinity as well as fast and easy growth can be a good choice for producing high oil percentage and according to the effect of optimal plant nutrition in achieving proper yield, this research was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of the type of plant residues and integrated fertilizer management on yield and yield components of castor.
Materials and methods: An experiment was carried out in the form of one-time split plots in the form of a basic design of randomized complete blocks in 3 replications in the crop year 2021-2022 in Andimshek city, located in the north of Khuzestan. Experimental treatments include the use of plant residues (without residues (control), rapeseed residues, wheat residues and corn residues) as the main plot and the type of fertilizer management that includes (completely chemical ((60)K (75)P (90)N), Organic (mixture of compost and vermicompost + Fertilizer 2 + supernitroplus + humic acid), Combined 1 (chemical base fertilizer + fertilizer 2 + supernitroplus + humic acid) and Consolidated 2 (compost and vermicompost mixture base fertilizer + Fertilizer 2 + supernitroplus + humic acid + urea vinegar) as a secondary plot in consideration. were taken. The studied traits included plant height, inflorescence height, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per plant, thousand seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index and oil percentage.
Results: The results showed that the use of plant residues (corn, wheat and canola) and organic and integrated fertilizer 2 resulted in the highest number of seeds per plant, harvest index and oil percentage. So, with the use of organic fertilizer and wheat and corn residues, the highest harvest index was obtained. With the positive effect of combined fertilizer 2 on the percentage of oil, it can be stated that combined fertilizer 2 and corn residues have led to an increase in the quality of the castor plant. So that the grain yield had the highest correlation with the weight of 1000 seeds. Removal of plant residues caused a significant decrease in oil percentage (reduction in quality). But on the other hand, the application of plant residues had the least effect on yield and yield components.
Conclusion: In general, the use of only chemical fertilizers led to an increase in yield and yield components of castor plant. In the event that organic fertilizer and corn residues led to a decrease in yield and yield components. In this study, chemical fertilizer treatment is the most successful in yield and yield components, and organic fertilizer and corn and wheat residues are the most successful in castor seed quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological fertilizers
  • Castor bean
  • Fertilizer management
  • Morphological trait
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