اثر محلول پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک بر ویژگی های فتوسنتزی، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدان‌های آنزیمی و عملکرد ارقام کلزا (Brassica napus L.) در شرایط تنش گرمای آخر فصل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: تنش دمای بالا یک تنش محیطی اصلی است که رشد، متابولیسم و تولید گیاهان را در سراسر جهان محدود می‌کند. به نظر‌می‌رسد که در شرایط آب و هوایی آینده، مناطق گرم و مرطوب اولین مناطقی باشند که توسط تنش دمای بالا در طول دورۀ زایشی، که باعث تغییر در فرآیندهای فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی می‌شود، تحت تأ‌ثیر قرار می‌گیرند. کلزا یک گیاه دانه روغنی است که برای مصارف خوراکی و صنعتی کشت می‌شود. تأخیر در کشت باعث تسریع رشد، کوتاه شدن دورۀ رشد و عدم بهره‌وری گیاه از شرایط رشد مناسب می‌شود. اسید سالیسیلیک به عنوان یک تنظیم کنندۀ رشد گیاه، نقش عمده‌ای در رشد و نمو گیاهان ایفا می‌کند و با اثر بر واکنش‌های مختلف بیوشیمیایی و فرآیندهای فیزیولوژیک، سبب بهبود فتوسنتز تحت تنش گرما می‌شود. اسید سالیسیلیک از طریق تغییر در ویژگی‌های فتوسنتزی و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدان‌های آنزیمی، اثرات نامطلوب تنش گرمایی بر تولید محصول را کاهش می‌دهد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک بر عملکرد، ویژگی‌های فتوسنتزی و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی ارقام کلزا در شرایط تنش گرمای آخر فصل ناشی از کشت دیرهنگام پاییزه بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: به‌ منظور بررسی تأثیر تنش گرمای آخر فصل در مرحلة رشد زایشی بر برخی ویژگی‌های فتوسنتزی و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدان‌های آنزیمی کلزا، پژوهشی مزرعه‌ای به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایۀ بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1402-1403 در دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز اجرا شد. دو تاریخ کاشت به‌هنگام و دیرهنگام (به ترتیب 20 آبان و 20 آذر) در کرت‌های اصلی، و محلول‌پاشی غلظت‌های هورمون اسید سالیسیلیک (شاهد و 200 میکرومولار در لیتر) و ارقام کلزا (هایولا 4815، آگامکس، هایولا50 و تراپر) به‌صورت فاکتوریـل در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک در مرحلۀ ساقه‌دهی و غنچه‌دهی (به ترتیب مرحلة 32 و 53 بر اساس مقیاس BBCH) اعمال شد. داده‌های مربوط به هدایت روزنه‌ای، شاخص کلروفیل، فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز، پراکسیداز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز، سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، گلوتاتیون ریداکتاز، غلظت پراکسید هیدروژن و مالون-دی‌آلدهید، عملکرد دانه و روغن نیز ثبت شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد برهم‌کنش تاریخ کاشت، محلول‌پاشی هورمون و ارقام کلزا بر بیشتر صفات معنی‌دار بود. کاشت دیرهنگام در همۀ ارقام و سطوح تنظیم‌کنندۀ رشد، سبب کاهش عملکرد دانه (28 درصد) و روغن (35 درصد)، شاخص کلروفیل (11 درصد)، هدایت روزنه‌ای (36 درصد)، افزایش فعالیت آنزیم‌های کاتالاز (26 درصد)، پراکسیداز (32 درصد)، آسکوربات پراکسیداز (76 درصد)، سوپراکسید دیسموتاز (79 درصد) و گلوتاتیون ریداکتاز (80 درصد) و همچنین غلظت پراکسید هیدروژن (35/3 برابر) و مالون‌دی‌آلدهید (33 درصد) شد. بین ارقام نیز از نظر تمامی صفات تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده شد. کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک با غلظت 200 میکرومولار در لیتر سبب بهبود صفات مورد مطالعه در هر دو تاریخ کاشت شد. در تاریخ کاشت دیرهنگام و همۀ ارقام محلول-پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک در مقایسه با عدم محلول‌پاشی، باعث افزایش هدایت روزنه‌ای (15 درصد)، شاخص کلروفیل (2 درصد)، عملکرد دانه (23 درصد) و عملکرد روغن (31 درصد)، فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز (16 درصد)، پراکسیداز (11 درصد)، آسکوربات پراکسیداز (8 درصد)، سوپراکسید دیسموتاز (10درصد) و گلوتاتیون ریداکتاز (12درصد) شد، در حالی که غلظت پراکسید هیدروژن (5 درصد) و مالون دی آلدهید (21 درصد) را کاهش داد. ارقام آگامکس و تراپر از طریق بهبود صفات ذکر شده، تحت شرایط تنش گرمای ناشی از کشت دیرهنگام عملکرد بالاتری را حفظ کردند.
نتیجه‌گیری: در این مطالعه تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک توانست اثرات منفی تنش گرما را با بهبود صفات فتوسنتزی وآنتی اکسیدانی و کاهش غلظت پراکسید هیدروژن و مالون دی آلدهید بهبود بخشد و از این رو سبب بهبود عملکرد دانه و روغن گردد. همچنین کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک (200 میکرومولار در لیتر) می‌تواند یک راهبرد موثر در بهبود عملکرد دانه و روغن ارقام کلزا در شرایط تأخیر در کاشت پاییزه در مناطق گرمسیر مانند خوزستان باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Foliar application of salicylic acid effect on photosynthetic properties, enzymatic antioxidant activities, and yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under terminal heat stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maral Dinarvandi Dinarvandi 1
  • Afrasyab Rahnama 2
  • Moosa Meskarbashee 2
  • Parzhak Zoufan 3
1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Department of Plant Production and Genetics,Facilty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: High temperature stress is a major environmental stress that limits crop growth, metabolism, and productivity worldwide. Humid tropical areas are thought to threaten primarily by high temperature stress during reproductive phase which causes a drastic change in physiological and biochemical behavior of the major crops under future climates. Canola (Brassica napus L.) is an oilseed crop cultivated for purposes relating to household consumption and industry. Delay in sowing date are known to accelerate the crop development and shorten the growing period and distance of the plant from suitable growing conditions. Salicylic acid (SA), as a plant growth regulator, plays a major role in plant growth and development and promote photosynthesis under heat stress by influencing various biochemical reactions and physiological processes. SA in known to alleviate adverse effects of heat stress on crop production through changes in photosynthesis traits and enzymatic antioxidant activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SA foliar on the yield, photosynthetic characteristics, and enzymatic antioxidant activities of canola cultivars under terminal heat stress caused by late autumn winter sowing dates in Ahvaz conditions.
Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effect of SA foliar application on the yield, photosynthetic characteristics, and enzymatic antioxidant activities of canola cultivars in two sowing dates, a field experiment carried out in a split plot factorial in randomized complete block design with three replicates per treatment at the research farm of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2023-2024 growing season. Main plots consisted of two sowing dates; November 11, and December 11 (Normal and late sowing dates, respectively), and sub plot consisted of factorial arrangement of different concentrations of SA (0, and 200 μm l-1, SA), and canola cultivars (Hyola4815, Agamax, Hyola50, and Trapper). SA treatments were implemented at stem elongation (32) and inflorescence emergence (53).
Results: Results showed that the interaction between sowing date, hormone foliar application, and cultivars significantly affected most of the traits. Heat stress in late sowing date led to a significant reduction in seed (28%) and oil yield (35%), chlorophyll index (11%), stomatal conductance (36%), but increased catalase (26%), peroxidase (32%), ascorbate peroxidase (76%), superoxide dismutase (79%), glutathione reductase (80%) enzyme activities and hydrogen peroxide (335%) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (33%) compared to normal sowing date. A significant difference was found among cultivars in terms of all traits. The concentration of 200 μm l-1 SA improved the studied traits in both sowing dates. In late sowing date, foliar application of salicylic acid enhanced stomatal conductance (15%), chlorophyll index (2%), seed (23%) and oil yield (31%), catalase (16%), peroxidase (11%), ascorbate peroxidase (8%), superoxide dismutase (10%), glutathione reductase (12%) enzyme activities, but decreased hydrogen peroxide (5%) and MDA (21%), when compared to salicylic acid -deficient plants, According to these results, Agamex and Trapper cultivars perform better than other cultivars and largely maintain their high yield through improvement of the mentioned traits under heat stress conditions caused by late sowing time.
Conclusion: The adverse effects of heat stress were mitigated by the application of SA as a foliar spray. SA treatment played a crucial role in maintaining gas exchange, promoting the production of enzymatic antioxidants and reducing hydrogen peroxide and MDA concentrations. These findings provide evidence that exogenous SA (200 μm l-1) can be an effective strategy in improvement of seed and oil yield of canola cultivars under late autumn sowing date conditions in tropical regions such as Khuzestan.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Catalase
  • Chlorophyll index
  • High temperature
  • Peroxidase
  • Stomatal conductance

مراجع

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