بررسی اثر همزمان تنش غرقاب و شوری بر برخی صفات زراعی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران،

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران،

3 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران،

4 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران،

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: امروزه به دلیل عوامل طبیعی و انسانی، که بسیاری از آنها در نتیجه تغییرات آب و هوایی هستند، سبب وقوع شرایط غرقابی خاک، شوری و ترکیب هر دو تنش می شود. آبیاری با آب های زیرزمینی با شوری بالا، شوری و غلظت سدیم خاک را افزایش می دهد و منجر به مشکلات نفوذپذیری خاک می شود. نفوذپذیری پایین خاک و زهکشی ضعیف سبب تنش غرقابی و کاهش تولید محصول می شود، ازاین‌رو این آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثر همزمان تنش شوری و غرقابی و اثر متقابل آن‌ها بر برخی صفات زراعی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد، دو رقم گندم انجام شد.
مواد و روش: آزمایش به‌صورت گلدانی در دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان و به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سال زراعی-1395 1394 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل دوره‌های مختلف غرقاب در چهار سطح (صفر، 7، 14 و 21 روز)، میزان شوری در سه سطح (صفر، 100 و 200 میلی‌مولار NaCl) و ارقام گندم (مروارید و کوهدشت) بودند. درمجموع 24 تیمار در 6 تکرار و با 10 بوته در هر گلدان کشت شد. در این آزمایش صفاتی همچون ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک ساقه و برگ، درصد نیتروژن، تعداد سنبله در بوته، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیستی و شاخص برداشت اندازه‌گیری شد. داده‌های آزمایش با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SAS تجزیه‌وتحلیل شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل نشان داد تأثیر تنش شوری بر وزن خشک ساقه و برگ، ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد، شاخص برداشت، درصد پروتئین دانه در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. با افزایش شوری، صفات وزن خشک ساقه و برگ، ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، درصد پروتئین دانه کاهش یافتند. تأثیر تنش غرقابی تنها بر وزن خشک برگ و درصد پروتئین دانه در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. میزان وزن خشک برگ در اثر تنش غرقاب کاهش یافت و این کاهش زمانی شدت گرفت که این دو تنش همزمان اعمال شدند. با افزایش تنش شوری مقدار عملکرد دانه و عملکرد زیستی گندم کاهش یافت که این میزان کاهش در رقم کوهدشت کمتر از رقم مروارید بود. همچنین نتایج همبستگی نشان داد تعداد دانه در خوشه بیشترین همبستگی را با عملکرد دانه دارد که این امر نشان‌دهنده آن است که با کاهش تعداد دانه در سنبله عملکرد دانه نیز با همان نسبت کاهش پیدا می‌کند.
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طورکلی می‌توان بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش بیان کرد وقوع هم‌زمان تنش غرقابی و شوری به‌مراتب خسارت بیشتری را نسبت به وقوع هرکدام از تنش‌های شوری و غرقاب به‌تنهایی باعث شود، همچنین رقم کوهدشت نسبت به رقم مروارید دارای مقاومت بیشتری نسبت به تنش غرقابی و تنش شوری بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the simultaneous effect of waterlogging and salinity stress on some agricultural traits, yield and yield components of wheat

نویسندگان [English]

  • Serollah Galeshi 1
  • Mitra Toloo hafezian aval 2
  • Samereh Mohammadi shermeh 3
  • Afshin Soltani 1
  • Ebrahim Zeinali 4
1 Professor, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran,
2 PhD Student, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran,
3 Master's degree student, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran,
4 Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran,
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Today, due to natural and human factors, many of which are the result of climate change, soil flooding, salinity, and the combination of both stresses occur. Irrigation with high salinity groundwater increases soil salinity and sodium concentration and leads to soil permeability problems. Low soil permeability and poor drainage cause waterlogging stress and decrease in crop production, so this experiment aims to investigate the simultaneous effect of salinity and Flooding stress and their mutual effect on some agricultural traits, yield and yield components of two wheat varieties was done.
Materials and methods: The experiment was carried out in pots at the Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources and factorially in the form of a completely random design in the agricultural year 2015-2016. The experimental treatments included different periods of Flooding at four levels (zero, 7, 14, and 21 days), salinity levels at three levels (zero, 100, and 200 mM NaCl), and wheat cultivars (Marvarid and Kohdasht). A total of 24 treatments were cultivated in 6 replications with 10 plants in each pot. In this experiment, traits such as plant height, stem and leaf dry weight, nitrogen percentage, number of spikes per plant, number of seeds per spike, weight of 1000 seeds, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index were measured. The test data were analyzed using SAS software.
Results: The results showed that the effect of salinity stress on stem and leaf dry weight, plant height, yield and yield components, harvest index, and seed protein percentage was significant at the probability level of 1%. With the increase in salinity, the characteristics of stem and leaf dry weight, plant height, grain yield and yield components, harvest index, and seed protein percentage decreased. The effect of Flooding stress was significant only on leaf dry weight and seed protein percentage at the probability level of 1%. The amount of leaf dry weight decreased due to waterlogging stress and this decrease intensified when these two stresses were applied simultaneously. With the increase of salinity stress, the amount of grain yield and biological yield of wheat decreased, and this decrease was less in Kohdasht variety than Marvarid variety. Also, the correlation results showed that the number of seeds in the spike has the highest correlation with the grain yield, which indicates that with the decrease in the number of seeds in the spike, the seed yield also decreases with the same ratio.
Conclusion: In general, based on the results of this experiment, it can be stated that the simultaneous occurrence of Flooding and salinity stress causes much more damage than the occurrence of each salt and Flooding stress alone, and the Kohdasht variety was more resistant to Flooding and saltwater stress than the Marvarid variety.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • cultivar
  • Flooding stress
  • salinity
  • Seed yield
  • Biological yield

مراجع

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 18، شماره 1
فروردین 1404
صفحه 27-44

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