تأثیر محلول‌پاشی نانوذرات آهن، روی و سیلیکون بر عملکرد و برخی صفات اگروفیزیولوژیک چاودار (Secale cereale L.) تحت تنش شوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران،

2 استاد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران،

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: در میان تنش‌های غیرزیستی، شوری یکی از مخرب‌ترین تنش‌هایی است که تولید گیاهان زراعی را در سراسر جهان به‌ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک محدود می‌کند. این تنش به دلیل اثرات مخربی که بر فرآیندهای فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی متعدد دارد، رشد و نمو گیاهان را محدود می‌کند. یکی از روش‌های مناسب برای بهبود مقاومت گیاهان در برابر تنش‌های محیطی، استفاده از نانوذرات (Fe، Zn و Si) است. استفاده از نانوذرات با محافظت از غشاها و سیستم فتوسنتزی می‌تواند عملکرد گیاهان زراعی تحت شرایط تنش را، افزایش دهد. بنابراین، هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی اثرات محلول‌پاشی نانوذرات آهن، روی و نانوسیلیکون بر عملکرد و برخی صفات اگروفیزیولوژیک چاودار تحت تنش شوری بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال 1402 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل شوری در سه سطح (عدم اعمال شوری به‌عنوان شاهد و اعمال شوری‌ 70 و 140 میلی‌مولار با کلرید سدیم)، و محلول‌پاشی نانوذرات (روی، سیلیکون و آهن) در هشت سطح (محلول‌پاشی با آب به‌عنوان شاهد، محلول‌پاشی40 میلی‌گرم در لیترنانوسیلیکون، محلول‌پاشی 8/0 گرم درلیتر نانواکسیدروی، محلول-پاشی 8/0 گرم در لیتر نانواکسیدآهن، محلول‌پاشی نانوسیلیکون و روی، محلول‌پاشی نانوسیلیکون و آهن، محلول‌پاشی نانواکسیدروی و آهن، محلول ‌پاشی توأم نانوسیلیکون، روی و نانواکسید آهن) بود.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که شوری مشارکت ذخایر ساقه و سهم فرآیند انتقال مجدد در عملکرد دانه را افزایش ولی محتوای کلروفیل کل، هدایت روزنه‌ای، عملکرد کوانتومی، شاخص سطح برگ، حجم و وزن ریشه، فتوسنتز جاری، سهم فتوسنتز جاری در عملکرد دانه و عملکرد دانه را نسبت به عدم اعمال شوری کاهش داد. درحالی که محلول‌پاشی توأم نانوذرات تحت شوری 140 میلی‌مولار، سهم فرآیند انتقال مجدد در عملکرد دانه (56 %) و سهم ذخایر ساقه در عملکرد دانه (8/57 %) را نسبت به شرایط عدم محلول‌پاشی در همین سطح از سطوح شوری کاهش داد. همچنین کاربرد توأم نانوذرات (روی، سیلیکون و آهن) در شرایط شوری 140 میلی‌مولار، محتوای کلروفیل کل (6/32 %)، هدایت روزنه‌ای (4/32 %)، عملکرد کوانتومی (2/13 %)، شاخص سطح برگ (4/31 %)، حجم و وزن ریشه (به‌ترتیب 8/13 و 2/17 %)، فتوسنتز جاری (2/62 %)، سهم فتوسنتز جاری در عملکرد دانه (19%) و عملکرد دانه (9/33 %) را نسبت به عدم کاربرد نانوذرات تحت شرایط شوری 140 میلی‌مولار افزایش داد.
نتیجه گیری: براساس نتایج این آزمایش محلول‌پاشی نانوذرات می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک عامل مؤثر برای افزایش عملکرد چاودار در شرایط شوری پیشنهاد شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of foliar application of nanoparticle of iron, zinc and silicon on yield and some agrophysiological traits of rye (Secale cereale L.) under salinity stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Aghaei 1
  • Raouf ssharifi 2
1 PhD, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran,
2 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran,
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Among the abiotic stresses, salinity is one of the most destructive stresses that limit crop production worldwide, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Due to its detrimental effects on numerous physiological and biochemical processes, this stress restricts the growth and development of plants. One of the suitable methods to improve plants’ resistance to environmental stresses is the application of nanoparticles (Fe, Zn and Si). Applying NPs by protecting the membranes and photosynthetic system can increase the performance of crop plants under stress conditions. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of nanoparticles of iron, zinc and silicon on yield and some agrophysiological traits of rye under salinity stress.
Materials and methods: An experimental as factorial was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2023. Factors experimental were included salinity at three levels (no salinity as control, salinity 70 and 140 mM by NaCl), and foliar application of nanoparticle (Zn, Fe and Si) at eight levels (foliar application with water as control, foliar application 40 mg.L-1 nano silicon, foliar application 0.8 g.L-1 nano znic oxide, foliar application 0.8 g.L-1 nano iron oxide, foliar application of nano Si-Zn oxide, nano silicon-iron oxide, nano Zn-Fe oxide, foliar application of nano Fe-Zn oxide and nano silicon).
Results: The results showed that salinity increased the contribution of dry matter remobilization from stem and air parts to grain yield, while it decreased total chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, quantum yield, leaf area index, root weigh and volume, current photosynthesis, contribution of photosynthesis current in grain yield and grain yield compared with no salinity. However, both application of nanoparticles foliar application under salinity 140 mM decreased contribution of dry matter remobilization to grain yield (56%) and contribution of stem remobilization to grain yield (57.8%) in compared to no application of nanoparticles under the same salinity level. Also, the application of nanoparticles (Zn, Fe and Si) under salinity 140 mM increased the total chlorophyll content (32.6%), stomatal conductance (32.4%), quantum yield (13.2%), leaf area index (31.4%), root weigh and volume (13.8 and 17.2%, respectively), current photosynthesis (62.2%), contribution of photosynthesis current in grain yield (19%) and grain yield (33.9%) in compared to no application of nanoparticles under salinity 140 mM.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this experiment, foliar application of nanoparticles can be suggested as an effective factor for increasing the yield of rye under salinity conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Leaf area index
  • Quantum yield
  • Root dry weigh
  • Stomatal conductance
  • Total chlorophyll content

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 18، شماره 1
فروردین 1404
صفحه 45-66

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